Caracterização citogenética de populações de crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) de ocorrência em Jaboticabal, SP
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Data
2012-02-27
Autores
Lopes, Amália Torrezan [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A família Chrysopidae, pertencente à ordem Neuroptera, é a mais numerosa, compreendendo mais de 1200 espécies válidas, distribuídas em várias regiões do mundo, principalmente na Neotropical. A classificação desta família em gêneros e espécies é baseada em estudos da morfologia externa e da genitália de machos e fêmeas adultos. No entanto tem-se buscado novas metodologias para auxiliar tanto na taxonomia, quanto no conhecimento da evolução. A citogenética é uma ferramenta bastante importante para o conhecimento da extensão da biodiversidade, pois a partir de diferenças presentes nos cromossomos podem-se distinguir grupos, bem como padrões de evolução. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar citogeneticamente 18 espécies de crisopídeos de ocorrência em Jaboticabal – SP., quanto ao número diplóide, morfologia e tamanho dos cromossomos, sistema cromossômico sexual, e quando possível, analisar o comportamento meiótico. Os cromossomos foram obtidos a partir de preparações gonadais masculinas e femininas de indivíduos adultos e de embriões, submetidos à coloração convencional e fotografados com câmara MOTICAM acoplada a microscópio e software IMAGE da Motic. Das 18 espécies analisadas, somente em Chrysoperla defreitasi não foi possível observar o par heteromórfico, no entanto as demais espécies exibiram sistema sexual do tipo XY/XX. O número diplóide variou entre 2n=16 nas espécies do gênero Leucochrysa a 2n=6 em Chrysopodes delicata, e esta diferença refletiu na morfologia cromossômica e permitiu diferenciar algumas das espécies. Nas espécies em que foram obtidas células meióticas observou-se a formação de bivalentes autossômicos com quiasmas terminais e univalentes sexuais assinápticos e aquiasmáticos
The family Chrysopidae, belonging to the Neuropteran order, is the most numerous, comprising more than 1200 valid species, distributed in various regions of the world, mainly in the Neotropical. The classification of this family into genera and species is based on the study of external morphology and male and female adults genitalia. However, new methods to assist the taxonomy and the evolution have been studied. The cytogenetic is a very important tool for to understand the extent of biodiversity, because the differences in the chromosomes can be distinguished group, and pattern of evolution. The objective of this study was to perform cytogenetic analysis of 18 species of green lacewings of occurrence in the city of Jaboticabal – SP, characterizing them as to the diploid number, shape and size of chromosomes, and when was possible, analyzed the meiotic behavior. The chromosomes preparations were obtained from adults male and female gonodals and embryos that were conventional stained and photographed with a MOTIC camera coupled in a microscope and software IMAGE from Motic. Of the 18 species analyzed, only Chrysoperla defreitasi was not possible to observe the heteromorphic pair, however the other species exhibited sexual system of the type XY / XX. The diploid number varied from 2n = 16 in the genus Leucochrysa to 2n = 6 in Chrysopodes delicata, and this difference reflected in chromosome morphology and allowed to differentiate some of the species. In the species in which meiotic cells had obtained it was possible observed the formation of autosomal bivalents with terminal chiasmata and univalents sex without chiasmata and synaptic
The family Chrysopidae, belonging to the Neuropteran order, is the most numerous, comprising more than 1200 valid species, distributed in various regions of the world, mainly in the Neotropical. The classification of this family into genera and species is based on the study of external morphology and male and female adults genitalia. However, new methods to assist the taxonomy and the evolution have been studied. The cytogenetic is a very important tool for to understand the extent of biodiversity, because the differences in the chromosomes can be distinguished group, and pattern of evolution. The objective of this study was to perform cytogenetic analysis of 18 species of green lacewings of occurrence in the city of Jaboticabal – SP, characterizing them as to the diploid number, shape and size of chromosomes, and when was possible, analyzed the meiotic behavior. The chromosomes preparations were obtained from adults male and female gonodals and embryos that were conventional stained and photographed with a MOTIC camera coupled in a microscope and software IMAGE from Motic. Of the 18 species analyzed, only Chrysoperla defreitasi was not possible to observe the heteromorphic pair, however the other species exhibited sexual system of the type XY / XX. The diploid number varied from 2n = 16 in the genus Leucochrysa to 2n = 6 in Chrysopodes delicata, and this difference reflected in chromosome morphology and allowed to differentiate some of the species. In the species in which meiotic cells had obtained it was possible observed the formation of autosomal bivalents with terminal chiasmata and univalents sex without chiasmata and synaptic
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Palavras-chave
Cariotipos, Citogenética animal, Taxonomia numerica, Karyotypes
Como citar
LOPES, Amália Torrezan. Caracterização citogenética de populações de crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) de ocorrência em Jaboticabal, SP. 2012. iii, 59 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2012.