Crime e loucura: as relações entre a medicina e justiça penal no Rio de Janeiro (1830-1903)
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Data
2010-09-30
Autores
Chaves, Fábio César [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A abdicação de D. Pedro I, em 7 de abril de 1831, trouxe para a sociedade que se julgava emancipada da tutela metropolitana a necessidade de inserir o Brasil no quadro das nações que se apresentavam como portadoras de uma civilização, era preciso que os homens livres do império tanto se reconhecessem quanto se fizessem reconhecer como membros de uma comunidade – “o mundo civilizado” – o qual era animado, então, pelo ideal de progresso. Coube a uma emergente elite política nacional constituída por fazendeiros, comerciantes, médicos, juristas, entre outros, que, nesse momento, assumiam o controle do país, formular as propostas norteadoras do processo de organização governamental do Brasil, por meio de um projeto civilizacional e de normalização social. O Rio de Janeiro ocupou uma posição de destaque nesse processo, devido ao seu status de capital e centro econômico do império, contudo, o rápido crescimento urbano e populacional à que essa cidade assistia, cedo, trouxe problemas relativos ao aumento da criminalidade, da vadiagem, da agitação política, em suma, à desordem das ruas. Tornou-se, então, imperioso para a administração local criar os meios aptos para controlar essa tal desordem, ou mesmo, se preciso fosse, para reprimi-la. Dentre os indivíduos propagadores dessa desordem, estavam os loucos criminosos, estes criariam um conflito de competências entre dois aparelhos de poder e de organização social, o aparelho médico e o jurídico. No seu afã de higienizar e moralizar a sociedade, adequando-a ao projeto civilizacional ao qual nos referimos, os médicos alienistas travariam uma batalha com os juristas pela preponderância e validação de seu saber no processo de punição dos insanos que cometessem crimes. A pesquisa que ora propomos objetiva avaliar o processo histórico...
The renunciation of Pedro I, on April 7, 1831, brought to the society, which was deemed as emancipated from the metropolitan custody, the need of inserting Brazil in the chart of nations considered porters of a civilization. It was necessary that free men from the empire were recognized and made recognized as members of a community – “the civilized world” –, which was very encouraged by the ideal of progress. An emerging Brazilian policy elite that included farmers, dealers, doctors, jurists, among others, who in that moment were assuming the country’s control, was responsible for creating conductive proposals of Brazil’s governmental organization process by means of a civilization project and social normalization. Rio de Janeiro occupied a great position in this process, due to its capital and empire’s business centre status. However, the fast urban and population growing that this city was seeing soon brought issues associated with crimes, vagrancy, and political conflict increase, i.e., the streets riot. Therefore, it became imperious for local administration to create the proper means to control this riot, or even if it was needed, to repress it. Among the ones who diffused this riot, the criminal ones were included, who would create a conflict of competences between two ranges of power and social organization, the medical and juridical range. Aiming at cleaning and moralizing society, adjusting it to the already mentioned civilization project, alienist physicians were starting a battle with jurists to acquire preponderancy and validation of its knowledge in the insanes’ punition process who committed crimes. The present research aims at evaluating the historical process that made such physicians become indispensable characters in the operation of the judiciary machine, by means of its investigation activity, and comprehending how a competences conflict between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The renunciation of Pedro I, on April 7, 1831, brought to the society, which was deemed as emancipated from the metropolitan custody, the need of inserting Brazil in the chart of nations considered porters of a civilization. It was necessary that free men from the empire were recognized and made recognized as members of a community – “the civilized world” –, which was very encouraged by the ideal of progress. An emerging Brazilian policy elite that included farmers, dealers, doctors, jurists, among others, who in that moment were assuming the country’s control, was responsible for creating conductive proposals of Brazil’s governmental organization process by means of a civilization project and social normalization. Rio de Janeiro occupied a great position in this process, due to its capital and empire’s business centre status. However, the fast urban and population growing that this city was seeing soon brought issues associated with crimes, vagrancy, and political conflict increase, i.e., the streets riot. Therefore, it became imperious for local administration to create the proper means to control this riot, or even if it was needed, to repress it. Among the ones who diffused this riot, the criminal ones were included, who would create a conflict of competences between two ranges of power and social organization, the medical and juridical range. Aiming at cleaning and moralizing society, adjusting it to the already mentioned civilization project, alienist physicians were starting a battle with jurists to acquire preponderancy and validation of its knowledge in the insanes’ punition process who committed crimes. The present research aims at evaluating the historical process that made such physicians become indispensable characters in the operation of the judiciary machine, by means of its investigation activity, and comprehending how a competences conflict between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direito penal - Rio de Janeiro - Séc. XIX, Doentes mentais, Psiquiatria forense, Crime, Loucura, Medicina, Justiça penal, Insanity, Medicine, Psychiatry, Normalization, Criminal Justice
Como citar
CHAVES, Fábio César. Crime e loucura: as relações entre a medicina e justiça penal no Rio de Janeiro (1830-1903). 2010. 114 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de História, Direito e Serviço Social, 2010.