Etnobotânica de plantas antimaláricas em Barcelos, Amazonas
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2014-01-31
Autores
Tomchinsky, Bernardo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A malária persiste como uma das principais doenças negligenciadas em todo o mundo. Anualmente três milhões de pessoas a contraem e cerca de um milhão morrem por causa dela. A região do mundo mais afetada é a África Subsariana e, no Brasil, a região amazônica é a mais afetada. As populações locais aprenderam a retirar do meio ambiente os recursos necessários para sobreviver e são atualmente a principal esperança na descoberta de novos medicamentos antimaláricos frente ao parasita da malária que apresenta resistência aos fármacos existentes. Neste trabalho estudou-se o manejo das plantas antimaláricas utilizadas por populações locais de Barcelos, Amazonas. Durante o primeiro semestre de 2013 foram entrevistadas 52 pessoas de sete comunidades rurais e da zona urbana de Barcelos, reconhecidas localmente por seu conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais. Foram indicadas 118 plantas, seis animais e dois minerais para o tratamento da malária e para outros oito sintomas reconhecidos pelos entrevistados. Foram indicadas 58 espécies para o tratamento da malária, 70% dessas são nativas da região amazônica e 15 plantas não possuem nenhuma referência na literatura com esta indicação de uso. Também foram indicadas 27 plantas para febre, 51 plantas para o tratamento do fígado, 17 plantas para o tratamento da anemia e 15 plantas para dores de cabeça. Foram descritas 12 diferentes formas de preparo das partes utilizadas. 47% das plantas indicadas têm suas folhas utilizadas e 24% sua casca e entrecasca. Das 118 plantas indicadas 46% são arbóreas, 30% herbáceas, 15% arbustivas e 9% trepadeiras. 65% têm origem amazônica, 26% são exóticas do Brasil e as demais são nativas do Brasil, mas não ocorrem naturalmente na região amazônica. De todas estas plantas 45% são cultivadas, 8% podem ser cultivadas ou favorecidas, 17% são favorecidas e as demais não têm nenhum tipo de...
Malaria remains one of the major diseases around the world. Every year three million people contract it and about a million died because of it. The most affected region of the world is sub-Saharan Africa and in Brazil the Amazon region is the most affected. Local people have learned how to survive just with the enviroment and are currently the main hope in the discovery of new antimalarial drugs against the malaria. This work studied the management of antimalarial plants used by local populations of Barcelos, Amazonas. During the first half of 2013 52 people from 7 rural communities and the urban area of Barcelos, locally recognized for their knowledge on the use of medicinal plants were interviewed. 118 plants , six animals and two minerals are used to treat malaria and eight other symptoms. 57 species are used for the treatment of malaria, 70 % of these are native from the Amazon region and 11 of them don't have any reference in the literature. 27 plants are used for fever, 51 plants for the treatment of liver, 17 plants for the treatment of anemia and 15 plants for headaches are also indicated. 12 different preparation of the plants were described. 47 % of listed plants have their leaves used and 24 % used their bark. Of the 118 plants indicated 46 % are woody herbaceous 30 % , shrub 15 % and 9 % climbing plants. 65 % have Amazonian origin , 26 % are exotic in Brazil and the rest are native to Brazil , but do not occur naturally in the Amazon region. 45 % are grown, 8 % can be grown or favored, 17 % are favored and the other does not have any kind of conscious management. 4 % of the plants are only acquired in trade. 26 % of plants are propagated by seeds directly, 17 % by vegetative parts of plants and 12% of seedlings that are transplanted. The use of antimalarial plants is important in the study region even with the use of allelochemicals medicine, but preventive methods , and plants used ...
Malaria remains one of the major diseases around the world. Every year three million people contract it and about a million died because of it. The most affected region of the world is sub-Saharan Africa and in Brazil the Amazon region is the most affected. Local people have learned how to survive just with the enviroment and are currently the main hope in the discovery of new antimalarial drugs against the malaria. This work studied the management of antimalarial plants used by local populations of Barcelos, Amazonas. During the first half of 2013 52 people from 7 rural communities and the urban area of Barcelos, locally recognized for their knowledge on the use of medicinal plants were interviewed. 118 plants , six animals and two minerals are used to treat malaria and eight other symptoms. 57 species are used for the treatment of malaria, 70 % of these are native from the Amazon region and 11 of them don't have any reference in the literature. 27 plants are used for fever, 51 plants for the treatment of liver, 17 plants for the treatment of anemia and 15 plants for headaches are also indicated. 12 different preparation of the plants were described. 47 % of listed plants have their leaves used and 24 % used their bark. Of the 118 plants indicated 46 % are woody herbaceous 30 % , shrub 15 % and 9 % climbing plants. 65 % have Amazonian origin , 26 % are exotic in Brazil and the rest are native to Brazil , but do not occur naturally in the Amazon region. 45 % are grown, 8 % can be grown or favored, 17 % are favored and the other does not have any kind of conscious management. 4 % of the plants are only acquired in trade. 26 % of plants are propagated by seeds directly, 17 % by vegetative parts of plants and 12% of seedlings that are transplanted. The use of antimalarial plants is important in the study region even with the use of allelochemicals medicine, but preventive methods , and plants used ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Antimalaricos, Malaria - Tratamento, Etnobotânica, Ervas - Uso terapêutico, Plantas medicinais - Manejo - Amazonas, Comunidades agrícolas - Amazonas, Mosquito como transmissor de doenças, Antimalarials, Amazonas, Rio
Como citar
TOMCHINSKY, Bernardo. Etnobotânica de plantas antimaláricas em Barcelos, Amazonas. 2014. xiv, 189 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2014.