Caracterização de compositos de matrizes poliméricas reforçadas com fibra de sisal e de vidro
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Data
2008-02-22
Autores
Milanese, Andressa Cecília [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A madeira foi o material mais empregado em estruturas, sendo amplamente encontrada em edificações históricas. Esse material sofre constantemente com a atuação de agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos que comprometem sua durabilidade, por isso muitas vezes, as peças estruturais acabam sendo restauradas e reforçadas com materiais que apresentam alta densidade, baixa resistência às altas temperaturas, no caso de incêndios, e susceptibilidade às intempéries, tornando complexo seu trabalho de recuperação. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa se propôs a desenvolver compósitos poliméricos reforçados por fibras naturais e vidro para uso como material de reforço nas ligações de estruturas em madeira e a estudar o comportamento destes materiais. São apresentados os estudos e as caracterizações dos materiais empregados nos compósitos, tais como, síntese das resinas, cinética química de cura, análise térmica por meio das técnicas de termogravimetria (TG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), difração dos raios X, resistências à tração e à flexão e análise fractográfica com o auxílio do microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Em seqüência, o trabalho apresenta o processamento e as caracterizações térmica, física e mecânica de quatro placas laminadas formadas pelas matrizes, poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona e fenólica, reforçadas com fibras de vidro e sisal. Os laminados compostos por uma camada de tecido são ensaiados em tração e flexão, TG e por difração dos raios X. As análises termogravimétricas indicaram que os laminados podem ser utilizados em ambientes, onde a temperatura local não exceda 175ºC. Os dados de tração mostraram baixos valores para as resinas poliuretana e fenólica, 2,5 MPa e 4,9 MPa, respectivamente. Porém, uma vez reforçadas com fibras de sisal e de vidro foi observado...
Wood was the material used in higher amount to structures application and nowadays is noticed in historic buildings. This material is susceptible to the physical, chemical and biological degradations, which influence the usefulness and consequently the structures should be restored using high density material with low temperature resistance characteristic, environmental suitable make complex the restore process. This work proposes processing polymeric composites and studies the behavior of those materials which will be applied as reinforcement connection into wood structures. Characterizations of base materials as cure kinetic studies, thermal analysis by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and scanning electron microcopies are conducted. It will also present the thermal, physical and mechanical characterization of four composites laminates: PU resin based on castor oil reinforced by glass and sisal fibers and phenolic reinforced by glass and sisal fibers. Composites laminates produced by one fabric layers are tested in tensile and flexural modes, by thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric analyses show that the laminates can be used in environments, which the place temperature does not exceed 175ºC. Tensile tests results show low values to polyurethane and phenolic resins, 2.5 MPa and 4.9 MPa, respectively. However, it was observed that the presence of fibers in the laminates show an increase of tensile strength when compared to matrixes. Tensile strength values were 17 MPa, 95 MPa, 25 MPa and 205 MPa for polyurethane/sisal, polyurethane/glass, phenolic/sisal and phenolic/glass fibers laminates, respectively. Flexural strength presents values about 0.45 MPa, 8.6 MPa, 3.7 MPa, 14 MPa, 11 MPa and 21.8 MPa for polyurethane and phenolic resins and polyurethane/sisal, polyurethane/glass, phenolic/sisal and phenolic/glass laminates, respectively.
Wood was the material used in higher amount to structures application and nowadays is noticed in historic buildings. This material is susceptible to the physical, chemical and biological degradations, which influence the usefulness and consequently the structures should be restored using high density material with low temperature resistance characteristic, environmental suitable make complex the restore process. This work proposes processing polymeric composites and studies the behavior of those materials which will be applied as reinforcement connection into wood structures. Characterizations of base materials as cure kinetic studies, thermal analysis by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and scanning electron microcopies are conducted. It will also present the thermal, physical and mechanical characterization of four composites laminates: PU resin based on castor oil reinforced by glass and sisal fibers and phenolic reinforced by glass and sisal fibers. Composites laminates produced by one fabric layers are tested in tensile and flexural modes, by thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric analyses show that the laminates can be used in environments, which the place temperature does not exceed 175ºC. Tensile tests results show low values to polyurethane and phenolic resins, 2.5 MPa and 4.9 MPa, respectively. However, it was observed that the presence of fibers in the laminates show an increase of tensile strength when compared to matrixes. Tensile strength values were 17 MPa, 95 MPa, 25 MPa and 205 MPa for polyurethane/sisal, polyurethane/glass, phenolic/sisal and phenolic/glass fibers laminates, respectively. Flexural strength presents values about 0.45 MPa, 8.6 MPa, 3.7 MPa, 14 MPa, 11 MPa and 21.8 MPa for polyurethane and phenolic resins and polyurethane/sisal, polyurethane/glass, phenolic/sisal and phenolic/glass laminates, respectively.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compositos polimericos, Fibras de vidro, Estruturas - Reparação, Structures
Como citar
MILANESE, Andressa Cecília. Caracterização de compositos de matrizes poliméricas reforçadas com fibra de sisal e de vidro. 2008. 130 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2008.