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  • ItemPlano de gestão de dados
  • ItemArtigo
    Lysolecithin-derived feed additive improves feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle fatty acid profile of Bos indicus-influenced cattle fed in a tropical environment
    (2023-01-01) Pacheco, Rodrigo Dias Lauritano; Oliveira Gusmão, Jessica; Moura, Gustavo André [UNESP]; Capelari, Matheus; Greco, Leandro; Carvalho, João Carlos Fontanari de; Cervieri, Rafael da Costa; Castro, Patrick André; de Alencar Beserra, Valquíria; Campanelli, Victor Paschoal Consentino; Cabral, Luciano da Silva; Carvalho, Laura Barbosa; Lanna, Dante Pazzanese Duarte; Neto, Marcos Chiquitelli [UNESP]; Galyean, Michael; Maia, Alex Sandro Campos [UNESP]; Agro-Pastoril Paschoal Campanelli; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Kemin Industries; Nutribeef Consulting; Federal University of Mato Grosso; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Texas Tech University
    Lysolecithin might increase ruminal and intestinal emulsification, leading to increased digestibility, but there is minimum information about which is the most appropriate phase to start supplementation and its impacts on feedlot performance and muscle fatty acid profile. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phase-feeding of Lysoforte™ eXtend (LYSO). In the first experiment, 1,760 predominantly Bos indicus bullocks (initial body weight of 400 ± 0.561 kg) were allocated in a complete randomized block design. LYSO was supplemented at 1 g/1% of ether extract from the diet. Treatments were no LYSO supplementation (NON); LYSO starting during the growing period and continuing during the finishing period; LYSO starting during the finishing period (FIN); and LYSO during adaptation, growing, and finishing periods (ALL). In the second experiment, the same treatments were evaluated with 96 bullocks (64 Nellore and 32½ Nellore × ½ Angus) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (treatments × genotype). For both studies, intake and average daily gain were accessed; carcass characteristics were evaluated in the first experiment, while digestibility of nutrients and profile of muscle fatty acids were measured in the second experiment. In the first experiment, LYSO increased final body weight (P < 0.022) and average daily gain (GRO and FIN; P < 0.05). In the second study, a treatment × breed × feeding phase interaction was observed with Nellore having a greater average daily gain (P < 0.05) than crossbreds in every feeding phase that LYSO was introduced to the diet. A treatment × feeding phase interaction was observed for digestibility, such that LYSO increased total dry matter (P = 0.004), crude protein (P = 0.043), and NDF (P = 0.001) digestibility during the finishing period. A treatment × breed × day classification was observed (P < 0.05). During the finishing phase, crossbreds treated with LYSO had greater DMI (P < 0.05) on very hot days than NON. Also, animals treated with LYSO presented a greater C18:3 n3 concentration (P = 0.047) in the longissimus. Overall, feeding LYSO during GRO and FIN enhanced feedlot performance and should lead to higher intakes during very hot days of the finishing feeding period.
  • ItemArtigo
    Economically sustainable shade design for feedlot cattle
    (2023-01-25) Maia, Alex S. C. [UNESP]; Moura, Gustavo A. B. [UNESP]; Fonsêca, Vinicius F. C. [UNESP]; Gebremedhin, Kifle G.; Milan, Hugo M. [UNESP]; Chiquitelli Neto, Marcos [UNESP]; Simão, Bruno R. [UNESP]; Campanelli, Victor Paschoal Consentino; Pacheco, Rodrigo Dias Lauritano; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of the Witwatersrand; Cornell University; Research Center
    Provision of shade reduces radiant heat load on feedlot cattle, thus reducing demand of water and energy for thermoregulation. While the positive effects of shade on animal welfare are widely known, the literature lacks data on the magnitude of its economic impacts. In this study, we propose the concept of novel shade design to prove that a correctly oriented and dimensioned roof structure, which optimizes shade to be displaced within the pens, motivates cattle to seek shade, protect them from short-wave solar radiation, and is resilient to counteract weather adverse conditions. The beneficial outcome is improvement in animal welfare and productive performance, as well as increments on financial return and sustainability. To attest these benefits, eight hundred B. indicus × Bos taurus bulls were randomly assigned in pens with or without shade from a galvanized steel-roof structure. Performance data (e.g., dry matter intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and hot carcass weight) and heat stress indicators (e.g., subcutaneous temperature, body-surface temperature, respiratory rate and water intake) were assessed along the study period. The economic outcomes derived from shade implementation were determined using the net present value. Meteorological variables were also monitored every 1 min, and grouped in a thermal comfort index for feedlot cattle, the InComfort Index (InCI). The shade structure efficiently reduced radiant heat load on cattle in pens with shade. According to the classification of the InCI, during very hot days (InCI > 0.6; around noon with mean solar radiation above 800 W m−2 and mean air temperature above 33°C), greater proportion (80%) of animals in shaded pens were using shade. Under such circumstances, cattle in shade had water intake reduced by 3.4 L per animal, body temperature was lower by 5°C, subcutaneous temperature was lower by 1°C and respiration rate was lower by 10 breaths min−1 compared to animals in pens without shade (P = 0.0001). Although dry matter intake was similar (P = 0.6805), cattle in pens with shade had higher average daily gain reflected in a heavier hot carcass weight (8 kg animal−1; P = 0.0002). Considering an initial investment of $90 per animal to build a structure that lasts 15 years, the expected payback time is four finishing cycles (~110 days per cycle). In conclusion, this study confirms that the proposed novel shade design is economically profitable, improves performance, and enhances animal welfare.
  • ItemArtigo
    Hybrid biomass, solar and wind electricity generation in rural areas of Fez-Meknes region in Morocco considering water consumption of animals and anaerobic digester
    (2023-08-01) Mahdavi, Meisam [UNESP]; Jurado, Francisco; Ramos, Ricardo Alan Verdú [UNESP]; Awaafo, Augustine; University of Jaén; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    High dependence of Morocco's energy sector on imported fossil fuels and subsequent associated expensive import bills, as well as global agreements with greenhouse gas emission reduction, has motivated Morocco to utilize renewable energy sources such as hydro, wind, and solar for energy generation. However, in recent years, the use of wind and solar energies in Morocco has accelerated more than hydropower usage because of the reduction in water levels as a result of rainfall drop, global warming, and natural droughts. Morocco has a great potential for electricity generation from solar and wind energies because of many sunny days, vast desert areas, long coastlines, and appropriate wind blow. However, accommodations of wind and solar generating units in electric power systems are difficult because of wind speed variations, solar irradiation uncertainty, and costly energy storage systems. Regarding the huge amounts of biowaste in Morocco, power generation from biomass can resolve this problem and compensate for the decrease in wind and solar energy generation during cloudy, rainy, and/or non-windy moments. Therefore, in the present paper, the capability of hybrid electric energy generation, using biomass, wind, and solar in a Moroccan village of Tazouta and the rural area of Fez city is evaluated. The proposed mixed-integer linear programming model was implemented in A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) using a linear solver of CPLEX. The biomass, solar, and wind power plants are biogas units fed by cow manure, 1-kW photovoltaic (PV) modules, and 5.1-kW wind turbines, respectively. The evaluation of the results indicates that hybrid utilization of wind, PV, and biomass energy resources is a more appropriate way for electricity generation in Tazouta and Fez rural areas compared to the individual operation of wind turbines and other combinations of mentioned renewable energy sources.
  • ItemTrabalho apresentado em evento
    Consumption Manner Effect on Renewable DG Allocation in Reconfigurable Distribution Systems
    (2023-01-01) Mahdavi, Meisam; Jurado, Francisco; Schmitt, Konrad; Verdú Ramos, Ricardo Alan [UNESP]; University of Jaén; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Distributed generation (DG) allocation in reconfigurable electric energy systems is an efficient way for energy loss reduction in modern power systems. On the other side, load profile and electricity consumption method affect the amount of energy losses in such systems. Consequently, power demand fluctuations have a fundamental role in determining energy loss value and, therefore, the network topology and optimal generation of DG units. Nevertheless, load variability consideration in DG allocation of reconfigurable networks significantly increases the computational efforts and processing time, while its neglect causes inaccurate calculation of energy losses. Accordingly, the present paper intends to assess the impact of consumption patterns on renewable DG allocation and switching plans to find out the importance of load variations consideration in minimizing power losses via DG placement and network topology modification. The AMPL, as an important classic optimization tool, was used for the analysis of the proposed idea in several distribution systems.
  • ItemTrabalho apresentado em evento
    Future Heat and Electricity Generation from Bertoni Plant in Morocco
    (2023-01-01) Mahdavi, Meisam; Jurado, Francisco; Schmitt, Konrad; Ramos, Ricardo Alan Verdu [UNESP]; University of Jaén; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Morocco's energy sector heavily depends on fossil fuel imports to meet a large portion of the country's primary energy demand. However, costly energy imports along with the growing national energy need, pushed Morocco to look for alternative energy resources. One of these alternatives is Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), a native plant in Paraguay. This plant is now an important agricultural crop for the production of a high-potency natural sweetener in Canada, the USA, Switzerland, Germany, and France. Nevertheless, it is not produced in Morocco, but research conducted on the crop yield of this agricultural plant shows its great potential for cultivation in Morocco. The dry leaf yield of Bertoni depends on its variety and cultivated region. Stevia has great potential to be a commercial crop for biological sweeteners and energy production. Therefore, in the present paper, the potential of heat and electric energy generated by Bertoni's dry leaf in various regions of Morocco with different weather conditions are studied. The results show that Bertoni's dry leaves are good biomass resources for energy generation in the Moroccan regions of Berkane, Larache, Marrakech, Rabat, and Sefrou.
  • ItemArtigo
    Cage fish farming as a driver of changes in the functional diversity and structure of ichthyofauna in a Neotropical reservoir
    (2023-01-01) Parra, Alini Beloto [UNESP]; Dias, João Henrique Pinheiro [UNESP]; Marques, Hugo; Balbuena, Juan Antonio; Ramos, Igor Paiva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Fishtag Environmental Consulting; University of Valencia
    The Upper Paraná River Basin has the highest number of impoundments in South America. These provide areas for cage fish farms, which can have environmental impacts related to the release of organic matter into aquatic ecosystems. Despite the importance of using functional diversity analysis, no study has performed this type of assessment for freshwater environments. The aim of the present study is to establish whether (1) cage fish farming has caused functional impoverishment of local ichthyofauna; (2) modifications in functional diversity are mainly related to the diet of the fishes; and (3) cage fish farming has caused taxonomic re-structuring of the local ichthyofauna. Two areas of the Ilha Solteira Reservoir were surveyed, a cage fish farm and a control area located 10 km upstream of the fish farm area, and their wild ichthyofaunas were compared. Functional diversity, taxonomic diversity, and multivariate analyses were carried out. Traditional taxonomic diversity indices did not detect significant differences between the fish communities in fish farm and control areas. However, a significantly lower functional diversity and homogenization of eating habits in the fish community from the fish farm area was observed, just as there were changes in the structure of the ichthyofauna, caused by different dispersions of species abundance between areas. The present study highlights the necessity of using different evaluation methods and multifaceted diversity approaches to evaluate the environmental impact of fish farming.
  • ItemArtigo
    Gas Exchange and Leaf Anatomy of Cotton Subjected to Application of Calcium Silicate and Mepiquat Chloride under Water Stress
    (2023-01-01) da Silva, Dayane Bortoloto [UNESP]; Paixão-Daruichi, Amanda Pereira [UNESP]; de Souza Vieira, Noemi Cristina [UNESP]; Martins, Aline Redondo [UNESP]; Furlani, Enes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Silicate fertilization can give crops better conditions to withstand edaphoclimatic and biological adversities, with the result of increased production and better quality. The objective of this work was to study leaf anatomy and gas exchange in herbaceous cotton as a function of calcium silicate doses, mepiquat chloride (MC) use and water availability. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with 4 replications. The factors studied were four doses of calcium silicate (CS) as foliar fertilizer at the rate of 0, 100, 200 and 400 g/ha with and without the foliar spray of MC. Two soil water levels i.e., full field capacity (FC) and 1/3 FC (water stress). The foliar spray of CS and MC increased net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance but decreased the internal concentration of CO2 of leaf. The thickness of the epidermis of the abaxial leaf increased linearly with CS doses, thereby increasing the protective barrier against water stress
  • ItemArtigo
    Ichthyofauna of Santa Helena Relevant Ecological Interest Area (REIA), Paraná, Brazil
    (2022-01-01) Brandão, Heleno; Lange, Denise; Blanco, Daniel Rodrigues; Kampfert, Lucas Emilio Perin; Ramos, Igor Paiva [UNESP]; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The Relevant Ecological Interest Area (REIA), popularly known as “Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena”, is part of the Atlantic Forest Biome and one of the 78 ecoregions mapped by IBAMA as basic unit for planning priorities focused on national biodiversity conservation. Quarterly collections were carried out from November 2017 to November 2019 to inventory the ichthyofauna of this Conservation Unit. Specimens were captured with the aid of gillnets, fishing sieve and seine. In total, 3,919 specimens belonging to two class, eight orders, 27 families and 74 species were sampled. Characiformes and Siluriformes presented the highest species richness; they accounted for 40 (54%) and 17 (23%) species, respectively. Geophagus sveni (181 individuals = 17%), Trachelyopterus galeatus (109 individuals = 10%) and Schizodon borellii (105 individuals = 10%) were the most abundant fish species captured with gillnet. Moenkhausia was the most abundant genus captured with seine and fishing sieve, with emphasis on species Moenkhausia bonita (930 individuals = 33%) and Moenkhausia gracilima (845 individuals = 30%). Moreover, two “endangered” species (Brycon orbignyanus and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) were registered. Therefore, we present an updated inventory of species belonging to the ichthyofauna of REIA, and it may contribute to future management plans focused on this Conservation Unit.
  • ItemArtigo
    THE BAURU BASIN IN SÃO PAULO AND ITS TETRAPODS
    (2022-01-01) Langer, Max C.; Delcourt, Rafael; Montefeltro, Felipe C. [UNESP]; Silva Junior, Julian C.G.; Soler, Mariana G.; Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Ruiz, Juan V. [UNESP]; Barcelos, Lucas A.; Onary, Silvio; Marsola, Júlio C.A.; Castro, Mariela C.; Cidade, Giovanne M. [UNESP]; Batezelli, Alessandro; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Nova de Lisboa; the University of Tübingen; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Universidade Federal de Catalão; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
    The Bauru Basin bears one of the best sampled tetrapod paleofaunas of Brazil, with about 70% of this diversity collected from its deposits in São Paulo. Its fossils are known since the beginning of the 20th century, coming from all stratigraphic units of the Basin cropping-out in the state, i.e., Santo Anastácio, Araçatuba, Adamantina (alternatively divided into Vale do Rio do Peixe, Presidente Prudente, and São José do Rio Preto formations), and Marília formations. Identified taxa include rare anurans, mammals, and squamates, an important set of testudines, theropods (including birds), and sauropods, in addition to one of the most diverse crocodyliform faunas known worldwide. This congregates more than fifty unique taxonomic entities, including 42 formally described species. Based on biostratigraphic correlations (including tetrapods), on few absolute ages, and other sources of evidence, the Bauru Basin deposits in São Paulo seem to be chronologically restricted to the Late Cretaceous, but further investigation is much needed. Finally, the history of research with such fossils highlights the importance of public funding for research and decentralization of university education for the advancement of science.
  • ItemArtigo
    Osteohistological characterization of notosuchian osteoderms: Evidence for an overlying thick leathery layer of skin
    (2023-01-01) Sena, Mariana Valéria de Araújo; Marinho, Thiago da Silva; Montefeltro, Felipe Chinaglia [UNESP]; Langer, Max Cardoso; Fachini, Thiago Schineider; Nava, William Roberto; Pinheiro, André Eduardo Piacentini; de Araújo, Esaú Victor; Aubier, Paul; de Andrade, Rafael César Lima Pedroso; Sayão, Juliana Manso; de Oliveira, Gustavo Ribeiro; Cubo, Jorge; Sorbonne Université; Rua Carolino Sucupira—Pimenta; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Prefeitura Municipal de Marília; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
    Osteoderms are mineralized structures embedded in the dermis, known for nonavian archosaurs, squamates, xenarthrans, and amphibians. Herein, we compared the osteoderm histology of Brazilian Notosuchia of Cretaceous age using three neosuchians for comparative purposes. Microanatomical analyses showed that most of them present a diploe structure similar to those of other pseudosuchians, lizards, and turtles. This structure contains two cortices (the external cortex composed of an outer and an inner layers, and the basal cortex) and a core in-between them. Notosuchian osteoderms show high bone compactness (>0.85) with varying degrees of cancellous bone in the core. The neosuchian Guarinisuchus shows the lowest bone compactness with a well-developed cancellous layer. From an ontogenetic perspective, most tissues are formed through periosteal ossification, although the mineralized tissues observed in baurusuchid LPRP/USP 0634 suggest a late metaplastic development. Histology suggests that the ossification center of notosuchian osteoderm is located at the keel. Interestingly, we identified Sharpey's fibers running perpendicularly to the outer layer of the external cortex in Armadillosuchus arrudai, Itasuchus jesuinoi, and Baurusuchidae (LPRP/USP 0642). This feature indicates a tight attachment within the dermis, and it is evidence for the presence of an overlying thick leathery layer of skin over these osteoderms. These data allow a better understanding of the osteohistological structure of crocodylomorph dermal bones, and highlight their structural diversity. We suggest that the vascular canals present in some sampled osteoderms connecting the inner layer of the external cortex and the core with the external surface may increase osteoderm surface and the capacity of heat transfer in terrestrial notosuchians.
  • ItemArtigo
    Post-fire resprouting ability in young plants of Astronium fraxinifolium
    (2022-01-01) Leite, Marilaine Cristina Marques [UNESP]; Leal, Alice Souza [UNESP]; Araujo, Maycon Anderson [UNESP]; Martins, Aline Redondo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Fire is an important ecological factor that influences the composition of the Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. In environments where fire is recurrent, tree species with seedlings/saplings that accumulate underground reserves and/or present distinctive underground structures (tuberous roots and root crowns) are more likely to reach maturity. Astronium fraxinifolium Schott is a tree species native to the Cerrado. The tree has xeromorphic characteristics, which perhaps is an adaptation to dry and rocky environments. To evaluate whether these morphological characteristics allow the species to recover from fire, an experiment was conducted where we compared burnt and unburnt saplings of A. fraxinifolium. We verified the emergence of buds closer to the root crown and compared the storage dynamics of lipids, starch, phenolic compounds, and mucilage between the burnt and unburnt saplings. Buds were observed in some of the individuals within 7 days of burning. The burnt saplings showed a high survival rate of 77.8%. Two cotyledonary buds per plant originated from the base of the stem. The rapid recovery of the species could be attributed to the starch reserves in the stems and roots, which helped nourish the buds and the resprouted seedlings. The results of our study showed the resprouting ability of A. fraxinifolium as a survival mechanism in response to fire events.
  • ItemArtigo
    Structure and composition of ichthyofauna associated with cage fish farming and compared to a control area after severe drought in a Neotropical reservoir
    (2022-01-01) Orlandi-Neto, Aymar [UNESP]; Amorim, Rafael Vieira [UNESP]; Delariva, Rosilene Luciana; Camargo, Antonio Fernando Monteiro [UNESP]; Veríssimo-Silveira, Rosicleire [UNESP]; Ramos, Igor Paiva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais
    In 2014, an atypical drought in Southeast Brazil drastically reduced the water level in several reservoirs. We investigated the effects of this drought and the subsequent flood period on the attributes of ichthyofauna in an aquaculture and in a control area. Fish were collected bimonthly between 2014 and 2015 (drought) and 2016 (wet), using gill nets in the two sample areas in the Ilha Solteira reservoir, Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. We compared ichthyofauna attributes between the drought and wet seasons in each area and between areas within each season. In the aquaculture area, the assemblages showed similar characteristics between the seasons. By contrast, the control area varied between seasons, with greater species richness, Shannon diversity, species evenness, and less β diversity in the wet season. Comparisons between areas in each season showed higher abundance in the fish farm within the drought season. Changes in structure and composition in the control area are possibly associated with new areas and resources made available by the flooding of marginal areas during the wet season. We inferred that the effect of the flood on the aquaculture community was attenuated by the continuous habitat structure such as shelters and food provided by the enterprise.
  • ItemArtigo
    Integrated generation-transmission expansion planning considering power system reliability and optimal maintenance activities
    (2023-02-01) Mahdavi, Meisam [UNESP]; Javadi, Mohammad S.; Catalão, João P.S.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Technology and Science (INESC TEC); Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto
    This paper evaluates lines repair and maintenance impacts on generation-transmission expansion planning (GTEP), considering the transmission and generation reliability. The objective is to form a balance between the transmission and generation expansion and operational costs and reliability, as well as lines repair and maintenance costs. For this purpose, the transmission system reliability is represented by the value of loss of load (LOL) and load shedding owing to line outages, and generation reliability is formulated by the LOL and load shedding indices because of transmission congestion and outage of generating units. The implementation results of the model on the IEEE RTS show that including line repair and maintenance as well as line loading in GTEP leads to optimal generation and transmission plans and significant savings in expansion and operational costs.
  • ItemArtigo
    High sperm concentration during cryopreservation decreases post-thaw motility percentage without compromising in vitro fertilization outcomes in common carp
    (2023-01-15) Sotnikov, Anatolii; Rodina, Marek; Stechkina, Taisiya; Benevente, Cristiane Fernanda [UNESP]; Gela, David; Boryshpolets, Sergii; Kholodnyy, Vitaliy; Linhart, Otomar; Dzyuba, Borys; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    To avoid mechanical compression of spermatozoa during the cryopreservation, a high dilution ratio with the cryoprotective medium is applied. Due to this, the sample volume increases, which entails increased cryobank capacity. Moreover, the high volume of cryomedias does not allow to fertilize of large volumes of eggs in practical artificial reproduction of common carp aquaculture. The current study demonstrated that reasonable lowering of dilution rates might still be effective for carp sperm cryobanking —elevation of spermatozoa concentration up to 13 × 109 spz mL−1 resulted in a significant decrease in post-thaw sperm motility percentage to 20% compared with 39% in 0.5 × 109 spz mL−1. Nevertheless, no significant differences in sperm kinetic parameters (VCL and LIN) were found in this case. The fertilization outcome (embryo development and hatching rates) was similar after applying thawed sperm samples with “optimal” (2.2–2.4 × 109 spz mL−1) and “sub-optimal” (11.0–13.0 × 109 spz mL−1) concentrations (sperm/egg ratio at fertilization was in the range of 0.3–4.5 × 105 spz/egg). Thus, applying a low dilution rate such as one part of sperm to one of the cryoprotective mediums is favorable for decreasing cryo-storage space and the sperm volume needed to fertilize big egg numbers. The experiment also shows that the 4.5 × 105 spz/egg ratio is not sufficient for good fertilization, and it is necessary to use higher sperm concentrations per egg or improve the method of fertilization.
  • ItemArtigo
    Untangling the Hymenaea stigonocarpa complex (Fabaceae) using population genetics and morphology
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2023-02-02) Pinto, Rafael Barbosa; Ferreira, Ramilla Dos Santos Braga; Goncalves, Ariany Rosa; Telles, Mariana Pires De Campos; Chaves, Lazaro Jose; Rezende, Andreia Alves [UNESP]; Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre Felizola; Mansano, Vidal De Freitas; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG); Pontificia Univ Catol Goias; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Univ Fed CP 131; Inst Pesquisa Jardim Bot Rio Janeiro
    Hymenaea is a genus of Fabaceae easily recognized by vegetative characteristics. However, the circumscription of some species has been historically challenging. The tangled circumscription of H. stigonocarpa has been addressed in several molecular and morphological studies, but some of the morphological confusion has yet to be resolved. Thus, in this study we used population genetics coupled with detailed morphological analyses to improve taxonomic definition in this complex, currently comprising two varieties (H. stigonocarpa vars. stigonocarpa and brevipetiolata). Bayesian and population genetic structure analyses were conducted using nine nuclear microsatellite loci for 1034 individuals from 35 populations. The morphometric analyses were performed using leaflet characters. Our results support the existence of five genetically structured clusters, and morphometric analyses support the recognition of two clusters, emphasizing H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata as an exclusive genetic and morphological group, encouraging us to make changes in its taxonomic ranking. Thus, we propose the adoption of specific status for H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata on the basis of its population genetics and morphology. In addition to the population genetics data and morphological analyses, a taxonomic treatment with illustrations is provided.
  • ItemArtigo
    Inga uruguensis response to lead: effects on growth and nitrogenous compounds
    (2022-01-01) Frachia, Caroline de Lima [UNESP]; da Silva, Victor Navarro [UNESP]; de Paiva, Wesller da Silva [UNESP]; Barbosa, Isis Caroline Ferreira [UNESP]; da Silva, Mariana Bocchi [UNESP]; Souza, Lucas Anjos; Justino, Gilberto Costa; de Camargos, Liliane Santos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Polo de Inovação em Bioenergia e Grãos; Biological and Helth Science Institute
    Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal considered one of the major soil pollutants. Phytoremediation is a sustainable and economically viable biological method for reducing Pb content in the environment. Inga uruguensis is a tree legume species that has characteristics favorable to phytoremediation, such as rapid growth and high biomass production. The objective of this work was an initial evaluation of tolerance and phytoremediation potential of I. uruguensis to Pb. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. In addition to the control, soil contamination was carried out with the following Pb doses: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg.dm3 with 5 repetitions in each treatment, totaling 30 vases. We assessed growth, number and mass of nodules, chlorophyll content, ureids, amino acid, protein and soluble carbohydrates in leaves, roots and nodules, tolerance index, dry matter, and tissues Pb content of I. uruguensis. The data were analyzed by the Tukey test using R and SISVAR software. There was no negative effect of Pb in soil on I. uruguensis growth, the symbiotic relationship with rhizobia was kept, even at high Pb content and the tolerance index was not lower than 0.69. Inga uruguensis has initial tolerance and potential to be used as phytoremediation in soils contaminated by Pb.
  • ItemResenha
    Role of hydrocarbons and renewable energies in Iran's energy matrix focusing on bioenergy: review
    (2022-01-01) Mahdavi, Meisam [UNESP]; Schmitt, Konrad; Ramos, Ricardo Alan Verdú [UNESP]; Alhelou, Hassan Haes; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Texas Tech University; Tishreen University
    Iran is one of the most potent energy exporters and fastest-growing energy consumers in the world. Its large amount of energy exported can directly impact the economy of importer countries. Iran's energy matrix mostly consists of hydrocarbons, while the remaining portion is compounded by a blend of biofuels, hydropower, wind, solar, and other renewable sources. Even though the country has an excellent potential to reach a large amount of renewable power, it is most likely that Iran will deal with a shortage in its electricity segment during the upcoming years. Besides wind and solar energy, bioenergy appears to be a good alternative for enhancing the country's energy matrix and transit Iran's energy consumption pattern from a high-level usage of hydrocarbons to a more renewable scenario. Therefore, in the present paper, the role of Iran in global energy production is discussed, and its potential for renewable energy generation is described. The review presents a vast set of data related to environmental, infrastructural, economic, and social aspects to clarify the potential and benefits of Iran's transition to a more renewable energy matrix. The investigations revealed the country's extremely favourable conditions to use bioenergy resources as a key solution to avoiding future energy crises, besides improving quality of life. The context can help researchers, power suppliers, and energy consumers know how renewable energies, especially bioenergy, can modify the energy matrix of a country rich in hydrocarbon resources.
  • ItemArtigo
    Characterization of wild fish diet and trophic guild in a protected area
    (2022-01-01) Ramos, Julia Kaori Kuriyama [UNESP]; da Silva, Natália Luiza [UNESP]; Do Bonfim, Vinicius Cesar [UNESP]; Fornari, Bianca Yunes [UNESP]; Kliemann, Bruna Caroline Kotz [UNESP]; Pagliarini, Cibele Diogo [UNESP]; Brandão, Heleno; Ramos, Igor Paiva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR
    Aim: We characterize the diet and trophic guild to the fish community in a protected area to contribute information about the trophic ecology. Methods: The collection was carried out at three sampling points, in 2017 and 2018, with the help of gill nets. The collected specimens were euthanized in a 0.5% benzocaine solution. In the laboratory, all specimens’ stomachs were removed, fixed in a 4% formalin solution, and preserved in 70% alcohol. Stomach contents were examined, and the food items were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Food items were quantified according to the volumetric method. The characterization of the diet was presented through the percentage volume of each food item consumed. To determination of the trophic guild of each species, the predominance of a type of food resource (> 51% of the total volume) in the population’s diet was considered. Results: The species’ diets were distributed in 16 food items (predominance of decapods, fish fragments, terrestrial insects, and aquatic plants), and four trophic guilds were observed (carcinophage, piscivore, terrestrial insectivore, and herbivore). Furthermore, there was the occurrence of microplastic in the diet of three species. Conclusions: the fish community evaluated here demonstrates the wide range of resources that can make up the fish diet and demonstrates the different trophic guilds that can be observed in a protected area. As it is a conservation unit, knowing the diet and trophic guilds that make up the fish community can contribute to understanding the dynamics of food chains, the structure of the community, and the functioning of the ecosystem. Thus, this work can contribute information about the biology of the species evaluated for future work and conservation programs.
  • ItemArtigo
    Secretory structure diversity on Astronium leaf
    (2022-01-01) Carneiro, Tainah Eduarda Boian [UNESP]; Martins, Aline Redondo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Astronium fraxinifolium Schott and Astronium graveolens Jacq. are included in the Anacardiaceae. The secretory structures of Anacardiaceae have been studied several times; however, there is a lack of knowledge related to these structures in Astronium, and there are inconsistencies in the taxonomy of the groups. The present study aimed to describe the internal and external secretory structures of A. fraxinifolium and A. graveolens to refine the genus’ taxonomy and highlight the uniqueness of their differentiation. Plant samples were fixed, dehydrated, and prepared for analysis by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy using standard anatomical techniques. Non-glandular trichomes are present over the entire surface of the blade of the mature leaves of A. fraxinifolium. In contrast, in A. graveolens, non-glandular trichomes are concentrated only on the midrib region of the leaflets. The glandular trichomes, absent in the mature leaves of A. fraxinifolium, are present in the mature leaves of A. graveolens around the midrib. Astronium fraxinifolium ducts have a schizolysigenous origin, and A. graveolens have a lysigenous origin. Therefore, it was concluded that, in general, secretory structures represent a crucial taxonomic factor distinguishing these species.