Análise da fragilidade ambiental em área urbana: o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Castelo, Bauru (SP)
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Data
2013-10-29
Autores
Thomazini, Leonardo da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O crescimento urbano no Brasil, observado nos últimos anos, processa-se sobre um ambiente natural, que é alterado e transformado pelas ações antrópicas exercidas sobre o relevo. A paisagem natural, agora urbanizada, apresenta uma nova dinâmica morfológica e que carece ser estudada seguindo as proposições apresentadas pela Geomorfologia Urbana, a qual considera o desenvolvimento dos processos geomorfológicos no período de tempo humano. Diante das observações in loco do desenvolvimento de processos erosivos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Castelo, localizada no município de Bauru (SP) e que possui características de expansão urbana, organizou-se este trabalho que tem como objetivo geral diagnosticar as condições físico-ambientais da Bacia do Córrego do Castelo, apontando os problemas oriundos da urbanização, bem como as fragilidades do relevo nas áreas de expansão urbana. A fim de alcançar tal objetivo, o presente trabalho pautou-se no arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, o qual considera a Bacia Hidrográfica como um sistema aberto, exercendo o sistema de output e input de energia, e na proposta metodológica de Ross (1990, 1994 e 2001) referente às unidades ecodinâmicas instáveis e estáveis. Para isso, foram elaborados materiais cartográficos de síntese como, a carta de Fragilidade Ambiental, Fragilidade Física e Derivações Ambientais e Transgressões Legais, respaldadas pela carta Geomorfológica, o esboço Morfo-Pedológico, a carta de Cobertura Vegetal e Uso da Terra e a carta de Concentração do Escoamento Superficial. As análises dos materiais cartográficos, juntamente com os trabalhos de campo, sob a visão holística, possibilitaram a realização do objetivo proposto, à medida que foram identificadas as áreas de maior fragilidade ambiental e física da Bacia do Castelo, bem como a influência da urbanização no desenvolvimento dos processos erosivos
Urban growth in Brazil, observed in recent years, takes place on a natural environment, which is changed and transformed by human actions exerted on relief. The natural landscape, now urbanized, presents a new dynamic morphological and needs to be studied by following the proposals presented by the Urban Geomorphology, which considers the development of geomorphological processes in human time. With these observations in loco of the development of erosion processes in Watershed of Stream Castelo, set in the city of Bauru (SP), which has the characteristics of urban expansion, this work was organized that has as general aim to diagnose physical and environmental conditions of Watershed of Stream Castelo, pointing out the problems arising from urbanization as well as the weaknesses of the relief in the areas of urban expansion. To achieve this goal, this study was based on theoretical-methodological General Systems Theory, which considers the watershed as an open system, exercising the system of output and input power, and the proposed methodological Ross (1990, 1994 and 2001) for the ecodynamic units stable and unstable. For this were developed cartographic synthesis materials as the map of Environmental Fragility, Physical Fragility and Environmental Derivations and Legal Violations, supported by Geomorphological letter, Morpho-Pedological sketch, the letter of Vegetation Cover and Land Use and the letter of Concentration of Superficial Flow. The analysis of cartographic materials, along with the field work, under the holistic view, allowed the realization of the proposed objective as were identified the areas of greatest environmental and physical fragility of Castle Watershed as well as the influence of urbanization on development of erosion processes
Urban growth in Brazil, observed in recent years, takes place on a natural environment, which is changed and transformed by human actions exerted on relief. The natural landscape, now urbanized, presents a new dynamic morphological and needs to be studied by following the proposals presented by the Urban Geomorphology, which considers the development of geomorphological processes in human time. With these observations in loco of the development of erosion processes in Watershed of Stream Castelo, set in the city of Bauru (SP), which has the characteristics of urban expansion, this work was organized that has as general aim to diagnose physical and environmental conditions of Watershed of Stream Castelo, pointing out the problems arising from urbanization as well as the weaknesses of the relief in the areas of urban expansion. To achieve this goal, this study was based on theoretical-methodological General Systems Theory, which considers the watershed as an open system, exercising the system of output and input power, and the proposed methodological Ross (1990, 1994 and 2001) for the ecodynamic units stable and unstable. For this were developed cartographic synthesis materials as the map of Environmental Fragility, Physical Fragility and Environmental Derivations and Legal Violations, supported by Geomorphological letter, Morpho-Pedological sketch, the letter of Vegetation Cover and Land Use and the letter of Concentration of Superficial Flow. The analysis of cartographic materials, along with the field work, under the holistic view, allowed the realization of the proposed objective as were identified the areas of greatest environmental and physical fragility of Castle Watershed as well as the influence of urbanization on development of erosion processes
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Palavras-chave
Geomorphology, Geomorfologia, Geologia urbana, Crescimento urbano - Aspectos ambientais, Bauru (SP), Castelo, Córrego do (Bauru, SP)
Como citar
THOMAZINI, Leonardo da Silva. Análise da fragilidade ambiental em área urbana: o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Castelo, Bauru (SP). 2013. 143 f. Dissertação - (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2013.