Análise ambiental de um aterro sanitário e sua influência relativa sobre a qualidade das águas superficiais do entorno
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Data
2011-02-17
Autores
Leal, Karinne Reis Deusdará [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A influência de um aterro sanitário sobre a qualidade das águas superficiais traz preocupações do ponto de vista sanitário e ambiental, especialmente quando essas instalações encontram-se em bacia de manancial usado para abastecimento público. Freqüentemente, na análise da qualidade das águas superficiais, credita-se o problema de sua deteorização somente à presença do aterro de resíduos, sem que se avalie a presença dos usos e ocupações do solo no entorno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação das águas superficiais relacionadas ao aterro sanitário e sua real contribuição para a qualidade das águas da drenagem receptora, o córrego Gabiroba, considerando outras fontes potencialmente poluidoras na microbacia. A análise do uso e ocupação do solo determinou 6 pontos para amostragem de águas superficiais. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, de janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Neste período, observou-se que a qualidade da água tende a diminuir no sentido da montante à jusante. Foram encontrados, à jusante do aterro, valores acima do limite estabelecido pela Resolução CONAMA 357, para corpos de água de classe 2, para os parâmetros DBO, fósforo total, coliformes totais, ferro, chumbo e alumínio. Porém, outras atividades observadas na microbacia se mostraram tão ou mais impactantes à qualidade da água que o aterro sanitário, como uma estação de tratamento de esgoto, empreendidos cujas atividades não foram identificadas e plantações de eucalipto. O ponto mais poluído da microbacia do córrego Gabiroba foi encontrado próximo ao aterro sanitário, porém, sob a influência do lançamento de efluentes provenientes dos empreeendimentos cujas atividades não foram identificadas. A maior carga poluidora foi detectada no ponto à jusante da estação de tratamento de esgoto. Foi observado que, após receber as diversas...
The influence of a landfill on the surface water quality raises concerns to the public health and environmental protection, especially when such facilities are in a watershed where there are streams of interest for public water supply. When analyzing the surface water quality, the deterioration was often blamed to the most visible facilities, like a sanitary landfill. Frequently, other uses of the land has been neglected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of surface waters connected to the sanitary landfill and its real contribution to the quality of the main stream Gabiroba, considering other potentially polluting sources in the watershed. The analysis of the use and land occupation led to 6 points for the sampling of surface water. Samples were collected monthly from January to december 2010. During this period, water quality tends to decrease upstream towards downstream. Downstream of the landfill the values were above the limit established by CONAMA Resolution 357 - class 2 streams - considering the parameters BOD, total phosphorus, total caliform, iron, lead and alumininum. The results indicated that there are other activities in the watershed as or more important, then the landfill, affecting the streams: eucalyptus farming and sewage discharges from penitentiary and its industrial operation. While the assessment did not detect significant contributions of the landfill, it is known that any operational problems may result in deteriotion of the surface water, mainly in rainy season. A significant pollutions was found near the landfill, but under the influence of small industries inside penitenciary area, whose activities were not identified. The strongest pollutant load was detected in point downstream of the penitentiary sewage treatment facilities. It was observed that, after many pollution sources, the necessary environmental conditions could not be restored, at least along the stream course studied
The influence of a landfill on the surface water quality raises concerns to the public health and environmental protection, especially when such facilities are in a watershed where there are streams of interest for public water supply. When analyzing the surface water quality, the deterioration was often blamed to the most visible facilities, like a sanitary landfill. Frequently, other uses of the land has been neglected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of surface waters connected to the sanitary landfill and its real contribution to the quality of the main stream Gabiroba, considering other potentially polluting sources in the watershed. The analysis of the use and land occupation led to 6 points for the sampling of surface water. Samples were collected monthly from January to december 2010. During this period, water quality tends to decrease upstream towards downstream. Downstream of the landfill the values were above the limit established by CONAMA Resolution 357 - class 2 streams - considering the parameters BOD, total phosphorus, total caliform, iron, lead and alumininum. The results indicated that there are other activities in the watershed as or more important, then the landfill, affecting the streams: eucalyptus farming and sewage discharges from penitentiary and its industrial operation. While the assessment did not detect significant contributions of the landfill, it is known that any operational problems may result in deteriotion of the surface water, mainly in rainy season. A significant pollutions was found near the landfill, but under the influence of small industries inside penitenciary area, whose activities were not identified. The strongest pollutant load was detected in point downstream of the penitentiary sewage treatment facilities. It was observed that, after many pollution sources, the necessary environmental conditions could not be restored, at least along the stream course studied
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agua - Controle de qualidade, Água - Poluição, Aterro sanitário, Bacias hidrograficas, Water quality, Water pollution, Landfill, Watershed
Como citar
LEAL, Karinne Reis Deusdará. Análise ambiental de um aterro sanitário e sua influência relativa sobre a qualidade das águas superficiais do entorno. 2011. 114 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2011.