Fragilidades e inconsistências do modelo unicausal de acidentes do trabalho diante de concepções sistêmicas e análise ergonômica do trabalho: o caso de uma caldeiraria
Data
2006
Autores
Mendes, Renata Wey Berti [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Partindo das hipóteses de que a freqüente ocorrência de acidentes semelhantes em sua causalidade pode estar relacionada com a estreita concepção mücausal de acidentes e de que compreendendo a atividade normal e a percepção dos operadores sobre a causalidade de acidentes é possível ampliar o leque da análise dos acidentes, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo geral de explorar concepções de acidentes do trabalho presentes em relatórios de análises de casos e no discm'so de diferentes profissionais em caldeiraria de empresa metalúrgica de médio porte. Método. Conhecimento da empresa e análise das atividades habituais de trabalho no setor de caldeiraria, com base na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho; e conhecimento sobre as concepções de acidentes do trabalho, analisando os vá..rios discursos presentes na empresa. com base na estratégia metodológica da Análise de Conteúdo de Discursos. Resultados. Constatou-se que a concepção de acidentes como originados no ato inseguro é a que prevalece nos discursos da empresa, presentes no s relatórios e nas falas de chefias e de alguns operadores. Os operadores também expressam concepção multicausal sobre acidentes do trabalho, que leva em conta fatores individuais e coletivos, ambientais e organizacionais na gênese dos acidentes. O traballlO habitual no setor inclui variabilidades que exigem o uso de estratégias, regulações e adoção de modos operatórios, que se podem considerar degradados. Conclusão. O estudo mostra que a gestão formal da segurança desconhece o trabalho normal. A gestão da produção em situação real de trabalho, com uso de meios precários, necessidade de retrabalho. atuando em espaços insuficientes, etc, introduz pressões de tempo e outro s fatores que ensejam a necessidade de constantes regulações pelas chefias e operadores as quais, por sua vez, enfraquecem a segurança real.
Starting from the hypotheses that the frequent occurrence of lccidents similar in their causality can be related to direct rnllcausal conception of accidents and that comprehending the normal activity and perception of operators with respect to the causality of accidents, it is possible tO enlarge the scope of analysis of accidents. Thus the present study had the general objective of exploring conceptions of work accidents present in reports of analyses of cases and in the discourse of different professionals in the boiler shop and welding area of a medium-sized metallurgical business. Method. Knowledge of the business and analysis of habitual work activities in the boiler shop and welding sector, based on Ergonomic Analysis of Work; and knowledge on conceptions of work accidents, analyzing the various discourses present in the business, based on the methodological strategy of Content Analysis of Discourses. Results. lt was verified that the conception of accidents originated by an lUlsafe act is the most prevalent theme in the business discourses and is present in the repOlts and quotations of managers and of some operators. The operators also express multicausal conception on \vork accidents, which takes into account the individual, collective, environmental and organizational factors in the genesis of accidents. The habitual work in the sector inc1udes variabilities that demand the use of strategies, regulations and adoption of operational modes that can be considered degraded. Conclusion. The study showed that the formal security unknown the normal work. The production management in real work situation, with precarious means, re-works necessitude, acting in insufficient spaces, introduces time pressures and others factors which demands to using regulations and strategies by managers and operators, which make the real security becomes weakness.
Starting from the hypotheses that the frequent occurrence of lccidents similar in their causality can be related to direct rnllcausal conception of accidents and that comprehending the normal activity and perception of operators with respect to the causality of accidents, it is possible tO enlarge the scope of analysis of accidents. Thus the present study had the general objective of exploring conceptions of work accidents present in reports of analyses of cases and in the discourse of different professionals in the boiler shop and welding area of a medium-sized metallurgical business. Method. Knowledge of the business and analysis of habitual work activities in the boiler shop and welding sector, based on Ergonomic Analysis of Work; and knowledge on conceptions of work accidents, analyzing the various discourses present in the business, based on the methodological strategy of Content Analysis of Discourses. Results. lt was verified that the conception of accidents originated by an lUlsafe act is the most prevalent theme in the business discourses and is present in the repOlts and quotations of managers and of some operators. The operators also express multicausal conception on \vork accidents, which takes into account the individual, collective, environmental and organizational factors in the genesis of accidents. The habitual work in the sector inc1udes variabilities that demand the use of strategies, regulations and adoption of operational modes that can be considered degraded. Conclusion. The study showed that the formal security unknown the normal work. The production management in real work situation, with precarious means, re-works necessitude, acting in insufficient spaces, introduces time pressures and others factors which demands to using regulations and strategies by managers and operators, which make the real security becomes weakness.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública, Prevenção de acidentes, Caldeiraria, Ergonomia, Occupational accidents, Ergonomics, Accident prevention
Como citar
MENDES, Renata Wey Berti. Fragilidades e inconsistências do modelo unicausal de acidentes do trabalho diante de concepções sistêmicas e análise ergonômica do trabalho: o caso de uma caldeiraria. 2006. 164 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2006.