Influência da irrigação na atividade e sazonalidade de besouros coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) em pastagem
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Data
2007-03-02
Autores
Oikawa, Fabiana [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Scarabaeidae coprófagos têm grande importância econômica por removerem e enterrarem massas fecais bovinas em pastagens, melhorando as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, além de serem agentes de controle biológico de parasitos de gado bovino. O objetivo desse experimento foi verificar se a irrigação de pastagem (com pivot central), especialmente na estação seca, influencia na abundância e riqueza em espécies de Scarabaeidae coprófagos, em comparação com um pasto não irrigado. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Santa Ofélia, Selvíria, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Uma vez por semana foram feitas coletas de massas fecais de diferentes idades e armadilhas pitfall iscadas com massa fecal bovina, em áreas de pasto irrigado e não irrigado, no período de abril de 2004 a abril de 2005. Coletou-se 54854 besouros coprófagos, sendo as espécies mais abundantes: Labarrus pseudolividus, Nialaphodius nigrita, Ataenius aequalis, A. crenulatus, A. platensis, A. sculptor, A. scutellaris, Dichotomius bos, D. nisus, D. glaucus, Digitonthophagus gazella, Ontherus appendiculatus, Pedaridium bidens e Trichillum externepunctatum. Na estação chuvosa quase todas as espécies ocorreram em maior número no pasto não irrigado, com exceção de A. platensis, mas na estação seca duas espécies foram significantemente mais abundantes no pasto irrigado, L. pseudolividus e A. crenulatus. D. gazella, A. scutellaris, A. platensis, D. bos e D. glaucus foram capturados em quantidades similares em ambos os pastos. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a irrigação afetou negativamente a abundância de besouros coprófagos, especialmente na estação seca, talvez devido a fertilizantes adicionados à água de irrigação.
Dung beetles are of great economic importance due to the removal and burial of dung pads in pastures, enhancing physical and chemical properties of the soil; in addition they are agents of biological control of cattle parasites. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of irrigation of a pasture by a central pivot, especially during the dry season, on the abundance and richness in species of dung beetles, when compared to a nonirrigated pasture. The experimental area was at Farm Santa Ofélia, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Collected cattle droppings of differents ages and pitfall traps were weekly baited with fresh dung pads, in an irrigated and a non-irrigated pasture, from April 2004 until April 2005. A total of 54,854 dung beetles were collected, where the most abundant species were Labarrus pseudolividus, Nialaphodius nigritas, Ataenius aequalis, A. crenulatus, A. platensis, A. sculptor, A. scutellaris, Dichotomius bos, D. nisus, D. glaucus, Digitonthophagus gazella, Ontherus appendiculatus, Pedaridium bidens and Trichillum externepunctatum. All species were most abundant during the rainy season. During the rainy season nearly all species were more abundant in the non-irrigated pasture, with A. platensis being the only exception, with larger numbers on the irrigated pasture. During the dry season two species, L. pseudolividus and A. crenulatus, were though more abundant in the irrigated pasture, while for D. gazella, A. scutellaris, A. platensis, D. bos and D. glaucus there were no statistically significant differences between pastures. Results show irrigation affected negatively the abundance of dung beetles, especially during the dry season. It is possible that the fertilizers added to the water used in the irrigation might have played a role in these results.
Dung beetles are of great economic importance due to the removal and burial of dung pads in pastures, enhancing physical and chemical properties of the soil; in addition they are agents of biological control of cattle parasites. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of irrigation of a pasture by a central pivot, especially during the dry season, on the abundance and richness in species of dung beetles, when compared to a nonirrigated pasture. The experimental area was at Farm Santa Ofélia, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Collected cattle droppings of differents ages and pitfall traps were weekly baited with fresh dung pads, in an irrigated and a non-irrigated pasture, from April 2004 until April 2005. A total of 54,854 dung beetles were collected, where the most abundant species were Labarrus pseudolividus, Nialaphodius nigritas, Ataenius aequalis, A. crenulatus, A. platensis, A. sculptor, A. scutellaris, Dichotomius bos, D. nisus, D. glaucus, Digitonthophagus gazella, Ontherus appendiculatus, Pedaridium bidens and Trichillum externepunctatum. All species were most abundant during the rainy season. During the rainy season nearly all species were more abundant in the non-irrigated pasture, with A. platensis being the only exception, with larger numbers on the irrigated pasture. During the dry season two species, L. pseudolividus and A. crenulatus, were though more abundant in the irrigated pasture, while for D. gazella, A. scutellaris, A. platensis, D. bos and D. glaucus there were no statistically significant differences between pastures. Results show irrigation affected negatively the abundance of dung beetles, especially during the dry season. It is possible that the fertilizers added to the water used in the irrigation might have played a role in these results.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Besouro, Escarabeideo, Pastagem - Irrigação, Coprófago, Massa fecal, Dichotomius, Labarrus, Irrigated pasture, Pitfall trap
Como citar
OIKAWA, Fabiana. Influência da irrigação na atividade e sazonalidade de besouros coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) em pastagem. 2007. 88 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2007.