Sucessão de culturas e preparo do solo no desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro cultivado no período de inverno
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Data
2005-01-24
Autores
Silva, Matheus Gustavo da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de resíduos vegetais no solo é uma prática cultural antiga, que propicia melhoria nas condições físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. No entanto, com o passar dos anos, em função da utilização de fertilizantes químicos, esta prática foi perdendo interesse, porém recentemente tem despertado novamente a atenção por parte dos produtores e pesquisadores. Assim, o trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS), com o objetivo de verificar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno irrigado, cultivado após diferentes culturas de verão (arroz, milho, milho + capim braquiária, milho + mucuna preta, soja e Crotalaria juncea), bem como as possíveis interações dessa prática com sistemas de preparo do solo (escarificador + grade niveladora, grade aradora + grade niveladora, e plantio direto) e a influência dos mesmos sobre as características físicas do solo e, a viabilidade econômica. A semeadura das culturas de verão foi realizada nos meses de novembro de 2003 e janeiro de 2004, e a adubação levou em conta as características químicas do solo e as exigências mínimas de cada cultura. A semeadura do feijão foi realizada no mês de maio de 2004, mecanicamente. Tanto as culturas de verão como o feijoeiro foram irrigados por um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualisados dispostos em esquema de faixas, com 4 repetições. Com relação às culturas de verão, foram realizadas avaliações de porcentagem de recobrimento pelas culturas de verão e produção de matéria seca. Para a cultura do feijão, foram realizadas avaliações de florescimento pleno e ciclo, teor de macronutrientes nas folhas, população de plantas inicial e final... .
The utilization of vegetable residues on soil is an old cultural practice, which propitiates improvement in the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. However, with the years, lost interest, because the results introduced by the mineral fertilization, recently this issue has come back again. This study was carried out in the municipal district of Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, aiming to evaluate the development and grain yield of common bean irrigated on winter season, cultivated after different summer crops (corn, rice, corn – braquiaria grass, corn + black velvet bean, soybean and sunnhep), as well as the possible interactions with different systems of soil management (moldboard-plow + leveling disk, disk-plow + leveling disk and, notillage) and the influence of the same about soil physical characteristics, as well economic viability. The summer crops sowing were in November/2003 and January/2004, and the fertilization based on soil chemical characteristics. The common bean sowing was in April/2004, mechanically. The summer crops and common bean were irrigated by a conventional waterspraying system. The experimental design was a randomized block design in stripes scheme, with 4 repetitions. To the summer crops, were evaluate the percentage of vegetable recovering and shoot dry matter yields. To common bean crop was evaluated days from seedling emergence to full-flowering, macronutrients content in the leaves, initial and final stand, yield components (number of pods and seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed mass) and grains yield. Moreover, other evaluations were appraised soil physical (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density and soil resistance to the penetration) and also an economic analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic address below).
The utilization of vegetable residues on soil is an old cultural practice, which propitiates improvement in the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. However, with the years, lost interest, because the results introduced by the mineral fertilization, recently this issue has come back again. This study was carried out in the municipal district of Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, aiming to evaluate the development and grain yield of common bean irrigated on winter season, cultivated after different summer crops (corn, rice, corn – braquiaria grass, corn + black velvet bean, soybean and sunnhep), as well as the possible interactions with different systems of soil management (moldboard-plow + leveling disk, disk-plow + leveling disk and, notillage) and the influence of the same about soil physical characteristics, as well economic viability. The summer crops sowing were in November/2003 and January/2004, and the fertilization based on soil chemical characteristics. The common bean sowing was in April/2004, mechanically. The summer crops and common bean were irrigated by a conventional waterspraying system. The experimental design was a randomized block design in stripes scheme, with 4 repetitions. To the summer crops, were evaluate the percentage of vegetable recovering and shoot dry matter yields. To common bean crop was evaluated days from seedling emergence to full-flowering, macronutrients content in the leaves, initial and final stand, yield components (number of pods and seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed mass) and grains yield. Moreover, other evaluations were appraised soil physical (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density and soil resistance to the penetration) and also an economic analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Feijão - Irrigação, Rotação de cultivos, Solos - Manejo, Feijão irrigado, Phaseolus vulgaris L, Vegetable coverage, Moldboard-plow, Disk-plow, No-tillage system and rentability
Como citar
SILVA, Matheus Gustavo da. Sucessão de culturas e preparo do solo no desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro cultivado no período de inverno. 2005. x, 89 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2005.