A incorporação dos negros no mercado de trabalho: um estudo de 1930 a 1945
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Data
2013-02-28
Autores
Araujo, Ariella Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho possui como objetivo verificar o impacto do decreto n. 19. 482/30, instituído ainda no Governo Provisório de Getúlio Vargas, sobre a população negra, no que diz respeito ao mercado de trabalho. Conhecido como Lei dos 2/3, tal decreto visava garantir a mencionada taxa de brasileiros natos no conjunto do quadro de funcionários nas empresas. A importância do tema consiste, em primeiro lugar, pela pouca produção bibliográfica sobre e, em segundo, porque beneficiou não só o trabalhador nacional, como o negro e o mestiço em particular. Esta foi a hipótese que norteou este estudo. Isso porque com a “Abolição” do regime escravista houve uma preferência, por parte dos fazendeiros do café, pelo trabalho do imigrante, que passou a substituir o trabalho escravizado. Argumenta-se que tal preferência pela mão de obra imigrante dava-se por uma suposta incapacidade do negro para o trabalho não coercitivo e para aqueles que exigiam especialização. Foram justificativas que encontraram respaldo em teorias científicas da época, como as raciais. O trabalho procura mostrar que alegações desse tipo se fizeram muito mais em função de um projeto de substituição étnico-racial, visando o embranquecimento da nação, do que fundamentadas propriamente em bases empíricas. A escolha pelo período do primeiro governo Vargas (1930-1945) se fez por compreender que as grandes mudanças políticas, econômicas e sociais se processaram a partir daí. Chegamos à conclusão que a população negra foi incorporada ao mercado de trabalho formal, o que não significa que tenha, por conta disso, desempenhado funções altamente valorizadas. As considerações foram feitas a partir da inferência de uma série de materiais jornalísticos da imprensa negra, assim como depoimentos de grandes lideranças, como José Correia Leite
This work aims to investigate the impact of the decree n. 19. 482/30, still set in the Getúlio Vargas’ provisional government, on the black population, with regard to the labor market. Known as Act of the 2/3, this mentioned decree was intended to ensure the rate of native Brazilians throughout the workforce in enterprises. The importance of the issue is, firstly, the little literature produced and, secondly, because it benefited not only the domestic worker, as the black and mestizo in particular. This was the hypothesis that guided this study. That's because with the abolition of slavery regime there was a preference on the part of the coffee farmers, by immigrant labor, which now replaces the enslaved labor. It is argued that this preference for immigrant hand labor happened due to a supposed inability of black people for noncoercive work and for those whose specialization was required. That were justifications which scientific theories supported of that time, as the race theory. The article shows that such allegations have been made much more in terms of a project to replace ethnic-racial, targeting the whitening of the nation, than based strictly on empirical grounds. The choice of the period of the first Vargas government (1930-1945) was made to understand that the major political, economic and social changes began on that period. We concluded that the black population was incorporated into the formal labor market, which means they have not played, on that account, highly valued functions. Considerations were made from the inference of a series of journalistic material of the called black press, as well as testimonials from great leaders such as José Correia Leite
This work aims to investigate the impact of the decree n. 19. 482/30, still set in the Getúlio Vargas’ provisional government, on the black population, with regard to the labor market. Known as Act of the 2/3, this mentioned decree was intended to ensure the rate of native Brazilians throughout the workforce in enterprises. The importance of the issue is, firstly, the little literature produced and, secondly, because it benefited not only the domestic worker, as the black and mestizo in particular. This was the hypothesis that guided this study. That's because with the abolition of slavery regime there was a preference on the part of the coffee farmers, by immigrant labor, which now replaces the enslaved labor. It is argued that this preference for immigrant hand labor happened due to a supposed inability of black people for noncoercive work and for those whose specialization was required. That were justifications which scientific theories supported of that time, as the race theory. The article shows that such allegations have been made much more in terms of a project to replace ethnic-racial, targeting the whitening of the nation, than based strictly on empirical grounds. The choice of the period of the first Vargas government (1930-1945) was made to understand that the major political, economic and social changes began on that period. We concluded that the black population was incorporated into the formal labor market, which means they have not played, on that account, highly valued functions. Considerations were made from the inference of a series of journalistic material of the called black press, as well as testimonials from great leaders such as José Correia Leite
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vargas, Getulio, 1883-1954, Ciência política, Negros - Brasil, Legislação social, Political science, Brasil - Historia - 1930-1945
Como citar
ARAUJO, Ariella Silva. A incorporação dos negros no mercado de trabalho: um estudo de 1930 a 1945. 2013. 159 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara, 2013.