Desenvolvimento e caracterização de compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras lignocelulósicas: HIPS / fibra de casca do coco verde e bagaço de cana de açucar
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Data
2011-02-07
Autores
Benini, Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras naturais provenientes da casca do coco verde e do bagaço de cana de açúcar. O poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS) foi utilizado como matriz termoplástica, tendo em vista seu baixo custo e sua temperatura de processamento menor que a temperatura de degradação da fibra. Devido à falta de compatibilização química das fibras com a matriz, as fibras lignocelulósicas foram tratadas quimicamente pelos tratamentos de mercerização seguido de branqueamento com clorito de sódio. As fibras nas condições “in natura”, mercerizadas e branqueadas foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de difração de raios X, análise termogravimétrica (TGA), análise da composição química e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Após a caracterização as fibras mercerizadas e branqueadas foram misturadas com o HIPS, nas proporções de 10, 20 e 30% (m/m). As misturas foram realizadas em um misturador termocinético e, em seguida, foram injetadas para a confecção de corpos de prova de tração e flexão. Os compósitos foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de análise térmica, ensaios mecânicos de tração e flexão, exposição ao intemperismo acelerado, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia óptica. Os tratamentos químicos proporcionaram a redução de alguns componentes amorfos das fibras, causando alterações na superfície das mesmas. A adição das fibras tratadas quimicamente à matriz de HIPS proporcionou aumento nos módulos elásticos em tração e em flexão dos compósitos sem alterar suas respectivas resistências mecânicas. A exposição ao intemperismo provocou a redução das propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos afetando mais intensamente as fibras naturais. Foi possível obter materiais mais rígidos e menos deformáveis, com até 30% (m/m) de fibras, que apresentaram...
In this work we developed polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers from green coconut husks and sugar cane bagasse. High impact polystyrene was used as the thermoplastic matrix, considering its low cost and processing temperature which is below the fiber degradation temperature. Due to lack of chemical compatibility between fiber and matrix, the lignocellulosic fibers were chemically treated by mercerization followed by bleaching with sodium chlorite. The untreated, mercerized and bleached fibers were characterized by of X ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical composition analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After characterization, the mercerized and bleached fibers were mixed with HIPS, in ratios of 10, 30 and 30% (w/w). The mixture was performed in a termokinetic mixer and samples prepared by injection molding. The composites were characterized by thermal analysis, tensile testing, aging by accelerated weathering exposure and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the chemical treatments adopted reduced the amount of some amorphous components of the fibers, causing changes in the fibers‟ surface. The addition of chemically treated fibers in the HIPS matrix increased the elastic modulus in tension and flexion of the composite without affecting their mechanical strength. Aging by exposure to weathering caused a decrease of the composites‟ mechanical properties affecting natural fiber reinforced more intensely. It was possible to obtain a more rigid and less deformable material with up to 30% fiber content which was exhibited thermal and mechanical properties viable for applications in which HIPS is used at low cost and where a high ductility is not a necessary characteristic
In this work we developed polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers from green coconut husks and sugar cane bagasse. High impact polystyrene was used as the thermoplastic matrix, considering its low cost and processing temperature which is below the fiber degradation temperature. Due to lack of chemical compatibility between fiber and matrix, the lignocellulosic fibers were chemically treated by mercerization followed by bleaching with sodium chlorite. The untreated, mercerized and bleached fibers were characterized by of X ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical composition analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After characterization, the mercerized and bleached fibers were mixed with HIPS, in ratios of 10, 30 and 30% (w/w). The mixture was performed in a termokinetic mixer and samples prepared by injection molding. The composites were characterized by thermal analysis, tensile testing, aging by accelerated weathering exposure and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the chemical treatments adopted reduced the amount of some amorphous components of the fibers, causing changes in the fibers‟ surface. The addition of chemically treated fibers in the HIPS matrix increased the elastic modulus in tension and flexion of the composite without affecting their mechanical strength. Aging by exposure to weathering caused a decrease of the composites‟ mechanical properties affecting natural fiber reinforced more intensely. It was possible to obtain a more rigid and less deformable material with up to 30% fiber content which was exhibited thermal and mechanical properties viable for applications in which HIPS is used at low cost and where a high ductility is not a necessary characteristic
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Materiais compostos, Poliestireno, Bagaço de cana, Polystyrene
Como citar
BENINI, Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho. Desenvolvimento e caracterização de compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras lignocelulósicas: HIPS / fibra de casca do coco verde e bagaço de cana de açucar. 2011. 125 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2011.