Identificação genética de espécies de tubarões e monitoramento da pesca no litoral de Sâo Paulo
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Data
2010-05-25
Autores
Silvério, Juliana [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dados estatísticos do IBAMA/MMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) sobre a exploração pesqueira de elasmobrânquios no Brasil registraram no ano de 2007 a captura de 17.900 toneladas, sendo 12.578 toneladas somente de tubarões, um aumento de 11,35% em relação a 2006. Contudo, as dificuldades na identificação morfológica de muitas espécies de tubarões exploradas pela pesca, associada à prática bastante usual de remoção da cabeça e das nadadeiras dos animais, na maioria das vezes antes mesmo do desembarque, tem resultado em uma escassez global de informações sobre captura e comercialização, tornando quase impossível a avaliação de seus efeitos. De acordo com os relatórios a respeito da produção pesqueira apresentados pelo IBAMA nos últimos anos, apenas 22% de todos os tubarões capturados no Brasil recebem algum tipo de classificação, ainda assim, relacionando apenas um nome popular que em muitos casos refere-se a mais de uma espécie. Por outro lado, dados referente a identificação molecular do tipo PCR-multiplex, que identificam características genéticas particulares de cada táxon estão atualmente sendo desenvolvidos e utilizados no reconhecimento espécie-específico possibilitando, a identificação simultânea de diversas amostras. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a captura e comercialização de tubarões na região Norte do Litoral Paulista. Os resultados apresentados a partir da utilização da técnica da PCR-multiplex a partir do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I em 1000 amostras coletadas em desembarques do litoral do estado de São Paulo, possibilitou, a identificação de 837 amostras. A partir desses dados foram observadas as freqüências relativas por espécie para avaliação de captura e comercialização de tubarões nos municípios de Cananéia, Santos e Ubatuba...
Statistics IBAMA/MMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) on fisheries exploitation of elasmobranchs in Brazil report in 2007 catching 17 900 tonnes, with only 12 578 tonnes of sharks, an increase of 11.35 % compared to 2006. However, difficulties in morphological identification of many shark species exploited by fisheries, coupled with the rather usual practice of removing the head and fins of the animals, most often even before the landing, has resulted in an overall shortage of information on catch and marketing, making it nearly impossible to evaluate their effects. According to the reports about the fish production presented by IBAMA in recent years, only 22% of all sharks caught in Brazil receive some type of classification, yet only linking a popular name in many cases refers to more of a species. Considering the increasing fisheries exploitation technique was used in multiplex PCR-based gene miticindrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I in 1000 samples collected from landings of the coastal state of Sao Paulo, which enabled the identification of 837 samples were observed by the relative frequencies species for evaluation of capture and trade of sharks in the municipalities of Cananéia, Santos and Ubatuba. For the city of Santos was possible to identify five different species: P. glauca, A. vulpinus, S. Lewin, R. Lalandii and R. porosus, in Ubatuba was recorded the occurrence of four different species in the landings: P. glauca, I. oxyrinchus, R. lalandii and S. lewini and the municipality of Cananea were found three different species: R. lalandii, R. porosus and S. Lewin, product demand elasmobranch was larger in the city of Santos, which shows that this town deserves greater attention in relation to conservation and management of the most exploited species, and Multiplex-PCR technique proved feasible for identification of samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Statistics IBAMA/MMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) on fisheries exploitation of elasmobranchs in Brazil report in 2007 catching 17 900 tonnes, with only 12 578 tonnes of sharks, an increase of 11.35 % compared to 2006. However, difficulties in morphological identification of many shark species exploited by fisheries, coupled with the rather usual practice of removing the head and fins of the animals, most often even before the landing, has resulted in an overall shortage of information on catch and marketing, making it nearly impossible to evaluate their effects. According to the reports about the fish production presented by IBAMA in recent years, only 22% of all sharks caught in Brazil receive some type of classification, yet only linking a popular name in many cases refers to more of a species. Considering the increasing fisheries exploitation technique was used in multiplex PCR-based gene miticindrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I in 1000 samples collected from landings of the coastal state of Sao Paulo, which enabled the identification of 837 samples were observed by the relative frequencies species for evaluation of capture and trade of sharks in the municipalities of Cananéia, Santos and Ubatuba. For the city of Santos was possible to identify five different species: P. glauca, A. vulpinus, S. Lewin, R. Lalandii and R. porosus, in Ubatuba was recorded the occurrence of four different species in the landings: P. glauca, I. oxyrinchus, R. lalandii and S. lewini and the municipality of Cananea were found three different species: R. lalandii, R. porosus and S. Lewin, product demand elasmobranch was larger in the city of Santos, which shows that this town deserves greater attention in relation to conservation and management of the most exploited species, and Multiplex-PCR technique proved feasible for identification of samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tubarão - Pesca, Tubarão - Identificação, Genetic identification
Como citar
SILVÉRIO, Juliana. Identificação genética de espécies de tubarões e monitoramento da pesca no litoral de Sâo Paulo. 2010. 69 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2010.