Influência da estrutura dos pastos de capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) sobre o comportamento ingestivo de cabras F1 Boer x Saanen
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Data
2007-06-29
Autores
Fernandes Junior, Jalme de Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste estudo foi avaliado o comportamento ingestivo de cabras F1 Boer X Saanen, mantidas diurnamente em pastagens de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.), em sistema de pastejo com lotação rotacionanada com o ciclo de pastejo de 36 dias, sendo 33 dias de período de descanso e 3 dias de período de ocupação. A área do estudo foi dividida em 12 piquetes de 990 m2 , distribuídos em 6 blocos. Cada piquete foi subdivido para obtenção de dois sistemas (tratamentos) com resíduo de forragem pós pastejo distintos (TBR = baixo resíduo – 1500 kg de M.S./ha e TAR alto resíduo – 3000 kg de M.S./ha ) controlados através da intensidade de pastejo aplicada. Cada piquete foi pastejado por três dias consecutivos (D1, D2 e D3) e constituíram os sub-sub-tratamentos. Foram efetuadas medidas na estrutura do pasto como massa, distribuição espacial dos componentes morfológicos, altura e densidade volumétrica e avaliadas as respostas animais (tempo de pastejo, taxa de bocado e tamanho de bocado) em cada dia de pastejo, nos dois resíduos. As avaliações foram realizadas durante três ciclos de pastejo consecutivos (sub-tratamentos). As quantidades de matéria seca, matéria verde seca, de folhas e a altura do dossel foram maiores no TAR em relação ao TBR e reduziram a quantidade com o decorrer dos dias de pastejo. A quantidade de material morto não diferiu entre os dias e os tratamentos estudados. A quantidade de haste foi menor no TBR em relação ao TAR e não diferiu entre os dias de pastejo. A densidade volumétrica (DV) da matéria seca, da matéria verde seca e do material morto foram maiores no TBR em relação ao TAR e aumentaram do D1 para o D3. A DV da haste no estrato potencialmente pastejável (EPP = 50% da altura do dossel) foi maior no TBR em relação ao TAR e aumentou do D1 para o D3. A porcentagem de folha no EPP comportou-se de forma inversa ao DV da haste do EPP...
This study evaluated the grazing behavior of F1 Boer x Saanen goats, during daytime, maintained in a tropical pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq), under rotationally stocked pasture in different sward structure. The area was divided into 12 paddocks of 990 m2 each, allocated in six blocks (repetitions). Each paddock was divided into two identical plots (treatments, TRT) with high post grazing residue (THR, 3.0 t/ha of dry matter; DM) and low post grazing residue (TLR, 1.5 t/ha DM). Each plot was grazed for three consecutive days (D1, D2 and D3) before animals were rotated. Sward structure measurements consisted of herbage mass, spatial distribution of morphological components, sward height and bulk density (BD). Measurements were conducted during three consecutive grazing cycles of 36 d. The herbage mass, green herbage mass, green leaves mass and sward height were higher in THR than in TLR, and decreased from D1 to D3. Dead herbage mass did not differ between treatments or among days. Stem mass was lower in TLR than in THR, but did not differ among days. The total herbage mass BD, green mass BD and dead herbage mass BD were higher in TLR than in THR, and increased from D1 to D3. The top one-half stratum (i.e., the grazed potentially stratum) had a stem mass BD higher in TLR than in THR and that increased from D1 to D3. Inversely, the leaf percentage on the top one-half stratum was lower in TLR than in THR and decreased from D1 to D3. Bite rate did not differ between treatments or among days. In contrast, bite mass was higher in THR than in TLR, and decreased from D1 to D3. This study suggested that measurements of sward height, leaf bulk density and herbage mass could not be sufficient for establishing tropical pastures management, in particular when pastures vary greatly in sward structure from top to bottom of canopy.
This study evaluated the grazing behavior of F1 Boer x Saanen goats, during daytime, maintained in a tropical pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq), under rotationally stocked pasture in different sward structure. The area was divided into 12 paddocks of 990 m2 each, allocated in six blocks (repetitions). Each paddock was divided into two identical plots (treatments, TRT) with high post grazing residue (THR, 3.0 t/ha of dry matter; DM) and low post grazing residue (TLR, 1.5 t/ha DM). Each plot was grazed for three consecutive days (D1, D2 and D3) before animals were rotated. Sward structure measurements consisted of herbage mass, spatial distribution of morphological components, sward height and bulk density (BD). Measurements were conducted during three consecutive grazing cycles of 36 d. The herbage mass, green herbage mass, green leaves mass and sward height were higher in THR than in TLR, and decreased from D1 to D3. Dead herbage mass did not differ between treatments or among days. Stem mass was lower in TLR than in THR, but did not differ among days. The total herbage mass BD, green mass BD and dead herbage mass BD were higher in TLR than in THR, and increased from D1 to D3. The top one-half stratum (i.e., the grazed potentially stratum) had a stem mass BD higher in TLR than in THR and that increased from D1 to D3. Inversely, the leaf percentage on the top one-half stratum was lower in TLR than in THR and decreased from D1 to D3. Bite rate did not differ between treatments or among days. In contrast, bite mass was higher in THR than in TLR, and decreased from D1 to D3. This study suggested that measurements of sward height, leaf bulk density and herbage mass could not be sufficient for establishing tropical pastures management, in particular when pastures vary greatly in sward structure from top to bottom of canopy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Caprino, Pastejo, Resíduo pós-pastejo, Comportamento ingestivo, Densidade volumétrica, Tamanho de bocado, Bite mass, Bulk density, Goats, Post grazing residue, Rotationally stocked
Como citar
FERNANDES JUNIOR, Jalme de Souza. Influência da estrutura dos pastos de capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) sobre o comportamento ingestivo de cabras F1 Boer x Saanen. 2007. x, 74 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.