Dinâmica espaço-temporal e quantificação dos danos e perdas da murcha de Ceratocystis em eucalipto na produção de carvão vegetal
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Data
2012-11-19
Autores
Fernandes, Bianca Vique [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As plantações de eucalipto no Brasil vêm crescendo significativamente ao longo dos anos. Minas Gerais tem 29% da área plantada e esta madeira é destinada quase exclusivamente ao pólo siderúrgico na produção de ferro gusa a partir do carvão vegetal. Portanto, o crescimento da área plantada aliada as condições climáticas, propicia o aparecimento e multiplicação de pragas e doenças. Uma das doenças que vem se tornando de importância econômica é a murcha de Ceratocystis, causada pelo fungo Ceratocystis fimbriata, que é um patógeno típico de xilema secundário. Esta doença foi monitorada no período de 2005 a 2011, em 3 municípios de Minas Gerais, com os dados de incidência da doença no campo foi feito o estudo epidemiológico no espaço e no tempo. A evolução da doença no tempo foi melhor explicada pelo modelo monomolecular, com um coeficiente de regressão superior a 90%. A distribuição da doença ocorre de forma agregada e na linha, podendo-se inferir que as mudas foram levadas contaminadas para o campo, e isto pode ter ocorrido no processo de propagação clonal. Analisando os dados climáticos do banco de dados do WORLDCLIM e o software DIVA-GIS, gerou-se um mapa de favorabilidade da doença para o estado de Minas Gerais, concluindo que as áreas dos municípios estudados são de alta favorabilidade à doença, portanto, o uso de material genético resistente é imprescindível para garantir a produtividade das plantações florestais. Foi analisada a interferência da doença na quantidade e qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal, concluindo que este fungo ocasiona perdas significativas de em média R$ 7.000/ha na cadeia produtiva do carvão vegetal
Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil have been growing significantly over the years. Minas Gerais has 29% of the planted area, and this wood is destined almost exclusively to the steel pole in the production of pig iron from charcoal. Therefore, the growth of the planted area combined with the climatic conditions, allows the emergence and proliferation of pests and diseases. A disease that is becoming economically important is the Ceratocystis wilt, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata, a pathogen that is typical of xylem. This disease was monitored in the period of 2005 to 2011 in three towns in Minas Gerais, having an epidemiological study in space and time been done with the data on incidence of the disease in the field. Disease progression in time is best explained by the monomolecular model with a regression coefficient greater than 90%. As the spread of the disease occurs in the aggregate and on the line (in an aggregated and linear way), it can be inferred that the seedlings were taken to the field already contaminated, and this may have occurred in the process of clonal propagation. Analysing climatic data from the database and software WORLDCLIM DIVA-GIS, a map of favorability was generated about the disease in the state of Minas Gerais, concluding that the areas of the cities studied are highly favorable to the disease, therefore, the use of resistant material is essential to ensure the productivity of forest plantations. We analyzed the influence of the disease in the quantity and quality of wood and charcoal production, concluding that this fungus causes significant losses in average US$ 2.800,00 in this chain
Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil have been growing significantly over the years. Minas Gerais has 29% of the planted area, and this wood is destined almost exclusively to the steel pole in the production of pig iron from charcoal. Therefore, the growth of the planted area combined with the climatic conditions, allows the emergence and proliferation of pests and diseases. A disease that is becoming economically important is the Ceratocystis wilt, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata, a pathogen that is typical of xylem. This disease was monitored in the period of 2005 to 2011 in three towns in Minas Gerais, having an epidemiological study in space and time been done with the data on incidence of the disease in the field. Disease progression in time is best explained by the monomolecular model with a regression coefficient greater than 90%. As the spread of the disease occurs in the aggregate and on the line (in an aggregated and linear way), it can be inferred that the seedlings were taken to the field already contaminated, and this may have occurred in the process of clonal propagation. Analysing climatic data from the database and software WORLDCLIM DIVA-GIS, a map of favorability was generated about the disease in the state of Minas Gerais, concluding that the areas of the cities studied are highly favorable to the disease, therefore, the use of resistant material is essential to ensure the productivity of forest plantations. We analyzed the influence of the disease in the quantity and quality of wood and charcoal production, concluding that this fungus causes significant losses in average US$ 2.800,00 in this chain
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carvão vegetal, Fungos, Eucalipto, Ceratocystis, Charcoal
Como citar
FERNANDES, Bianca Vique. Dinâmica espaço-temporal e quantificação dos danos e perdas da murcha de Ceratocystis em eucalipto na produção de carvão vegetal. 2012. iv, 77 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.