Validação de sistema de amostragem para monitoramento de formigas cortadeiras atta spp. (Hymenoptera: formicidae) em plantações de eucalipto
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Data
2014-02-04
Autores
Simões, Maria Fernanda Schiaveti [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os plantios florestais são importantes no cenário sócio- econômico-ambiental do Brasil, por fornecerem matéria-prima para diversos setores da indústria brasileira. O Estado de São Paulo concentra 20,4% do total de Eucalyptus plantado no Brasil. As formigas cortadeiras destacam-se como uma das principais pragas com ataques intensos e prejuízos consideráveis às plantas em todo seu ciclo de vida. Sistemas de amostragem para monitoramento de formigas-cortadeiras aumentam a eficiência do controle, diminuem os custos de combate e também reduzem o uso de inseticidas químicos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) estudar a distribuição espacial de colônias de Atta spp. em de plantios clonais de eucalipto; 2) validar um sistema de amostragem de formigas cortadeiras pelo método de transectos em faixas; 3) determinar os custos do sistema de amostragem proposto. Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, em quatro talhões de plantio clonal de Eucalyptus spp., totalizando 128,56 hectares. O levantamento populacional dos ninhos de formigas cortadeiras do gênero Atta spp. nos talhões foi realizado utilizando o método de transectos em faixa. Os ninhos foram localizados, medidos, georreferenciados e mapeados. Com os dados do levantamento foram gerados os cálculos estatísticos e geoestatísticos. A densidade de ninhos foi de 5,73 ninhos e 72,26 m² de área de terra solta por hectare. Do total de ninhos, 89,3% foram identificados como Atta sexdens rubropilosa e 10,7% como Atta laevigata. O índice de dispersão (ID), índice de morisita (Iδ) e distribuição binomial negativa mostraram distribuição espacial agregada para Atta spp. em todos os talhões. Os variogramas, gerados pelo Software GS+ para determinação da estrutura espacial de ninhos de Atta spp. pelo método geoestatístico, não resultaram em dependência espacial...
The forest plantations in Brazil are important in the socio-economic-environment of the country by supplying raw materials for many sectors of Brazilian industry. The State of São Paulo concentrates 20.4% of the total planted Eucalyptus in Brazil. Leaf cutting ants are the major pest of Eucalyptus plantation, with intense attacks and severe damage to plants throughout their life cycle. Developing sampling plans for monitoring leaf cutting ants is important for increasing efficiency of control, reduce their costs and the use of chemical insecticides. The objectives were: 1) to study the spatial distribution of Atta spp. nests in areas of clonal Eucalyptus; 2) to validate sampling plans with transects for monitoring leaf cutting ants; and 3) to determine the costs of the sampling plan proposed. The present work was developed in eucalyptus plantations in Lençóis Paulista, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in four Eucalyptus spp. stands, totaling 128.56 ha. All nests of leaf cutting ants Atta spp. were located, identified, mapped (georeferenced) and measured using transects. Maps with the location of the nests were created, and through the survey data, statistical and geostatistical calculations were performed. The leaf cutting ant nest density per hectare was 5.73 and the loose soil area was 72.26 m² per hectare. Of total nests, 89.3% were identified as Atta sexdens rubropilosa and 10.7% were identified as Atta laevigata. The index dispersion (ID), Morisita index (Iδ) and negative binomial distribution showed aggregate distribution of Atta spp. for all the blocks studied. The spatial structure of Atta spp. nests did not result in spatial dependence. The transects should be used every 108 m to estimate the number and area of cutting ant nests. The operational use of using the Proportional Area estimator is valid to estimate the number and density of nets of these pests ...
The forest plantations in Brazil are important in the socio-economic-environment of the country by supplying raw materials for many sectors of Brazilian industry. The State of São Paulo concentrates 20.4% of the total planted Eucalyptus in Brazil. Leaf cutting ants are the major pest of Eucalyptus plantation, with intense attacks and severe damage to plants throughout their life cycle. Developing sampling plans for monitoring leaf cutting ants is important for increasing efficiency of control, reduce their costs and the use of chemical insecticides. The objectives were: 1) to study the spatial distribution of Atta spp. nests in areas of clonal Eucalyptus; 2) to validate sampling plans with transects for monitoring leaf cutting ants; and 3) to determine the costs of the sampling plan proposed. The present work was developed in eucalyptus plantations in Lençóis Paulista, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in four Eucalyptus spp. stands, totaling 128.56 ha. All nests of leaf cutting ants Atta spp. were located, identified, mapped (georeferenced) and measured using transects. Maps with the location of the nests were created, and through the survey data, statistical and geostatistical calculations were performed. The leaf cutting ant nest density per hectare was 5.73 and the loose soil area was 72.26 m² per hectare. Of total nests, 89.3% were identified as Atta sexdens rubropilosa and 10.7% were identified as Atta laevigata. The index dispersion (ID), Morisita index (Iδ) and negative binomial distribution showed aggregate distribution of Atta spp. for all the blocks studied. The spatial structure of Atta spp. nests did not result in spatial dependence. The transects should be used every 108 m to estimate the number and area of cutting ant nests. The operational use of using the Proportional Area estimator is valid to estimate the number and density of nets of these pests ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eucalipto - Doenças e pragas - Controle, Formiga-cortadeira - Controle, Geologia - Métodos estatísticos, Himenoptero, Hymenoptera
Como citar
SIMÕES, Maria Fernanda Schiaveti. Validação de sistema de amostragem para monitoramento de formigas cortadeiras atta spp. (Hymenoptera: formicidae) em plantações de eucalipto. 2014. v, 55 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2014.