Microrganismos e lodo de esgoto compostado na nutrição e desenvolvimento inicial de Baru e Gonçalo-Alves em vasos
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Data
2021-04-06
Autores
Silva, Philippe Solano Toledo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Cerrado brasileiro apresenta grande diversidade de plantas, como o Baru e Gonçalo-Alves.Os Latossolos são predominantes e se caracterizam pela acentuada acidez e reduzida disponibilidade de alguns nutrientes, como o fósforo (P). Este e outros nutrientes limitantes, podem ser suplementados à cultura por meio da adição de resíduos orgânicos. Aliados à inoculação de microrganismos, os resíduos podem desempenhar papéis importantes no estabelecimento de plantas em diferentes ambientes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de Baru e Gonçalo-Alves, por meio do aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes (como o P), proveniente da adubação com lodo de esgoto compostado, somados ou não à inoculação de microrganismos promotores de crescimento vegetal (Bacillus subtilis e o fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) Glomus clarum), em vasos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos por espécie vegetal, em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA-Unesp Botucatu). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo: 2 tratamentos com lodo de esgoto compostado (com e sem) e 4 tratamentos de inoculação de microrganismos (Controle, B. subtilis, Gl. clarum e B. subtilis + Gl. clarum), com 5 repetições e 1 muda por vaso. Transcorridos 150 dias do transplantio, as mudas foram avaliadas para os seguintes parâmetros: massa fresca e seca da parte aérea; diâmetro do coleto; altura de plantas; número de folhas; índice de qualidade de mudas; massa fresca e seca das raízes; área de superfície; volume, comprimento total e diâmetro médio das raízes; teor relativo de clorofila foliar; fotossíntese líquida; transpiração e condutância estomática; colonização radicular e número de esporos de FMA; colonização radicular por endofíticos septados escuros e carbono do CO2 (C-CO2) liberado. O Baru mostra ser uma espécie pouco exigente em adubação, especialmente em P, para o seu crescimento inicial, contudo a inoculação de microrganismos, especialmente o FMA, favoreceu o desenvolvimento inicial da planta. A inoculação de microrganismos e a adição do lodo de esgoto compostado atuaram de forma positiva no desenvolvimento inicial de Gonçalo-Alves, na colonização radicular e na atividade microbiana do solo.
The Brazilian Cerrado has a great diversity of plants, including the Baru and Gonçalo-Alves trees. In this biome, Oxisols are predominant and are characterized by pronounced acidity and reduced availability of some nutrients, including phosphorus (P). This and other limiting nutrients for plant development, can be supplemented to the crop through the addition of organic residues. Combined with the inoculation of microorganisms, residues can play important roles in the establishment of plants in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Baru and Gonçalo-Alves seedlings, by increasing the availability of nutrients (such as P), from fertilization with composted sewage sludge, added or not to the inoculation of plant growth promoting microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus clarum), in pots. The experiments were carried out by plant species, in a greenhouse, at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FCA-Unesp Botucatu). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme being: 2 treatments with composted sewage sludge (with and without) and 4 treatments of inoculation of microorganisms (Control, B. subtilis, Gl. clarum and B. subtilis + Gl. clarum), with 5 repetitions and 1 plant per pot. After 150 days of transplanting, seedlings were evaluated by the following parameters: fresh and dry shoot weight; stem diameter; plant height; number of leaves; seedling quality index; fresh and dry weight and root area surface; volume, total length and mean root diameter; relative chlorophyll content; liquid photosynthesis; transpiration and stomatal conductance; root colonization and number of AMF spores; root colonization by dark septate endophytes and released CO2 (CO2-C) carbon. Baru shows to be a less demanding species in fertilization, especially in P, for its initial growth, however the inoculation of microorganisms, especially the AMF, favored the initial development of the plant. The inoculation of microorganisms and the addition of composted sewage sludge were positive for the initial development of Gonçalo-Alves, root colonization and soil microbial activity.
The Brazilian Cerrado has a great diversity of plants, including the Baru and Gonçalo-Alves trees. In this biome, Oxisols are predominant and are characterized by pronounced acidity and reduced availability of some nutrients, including phosphorus (P). This and other limiting nutrients for plant development, can be supplemented to the crop through the addition of organic residues. Combined with the inoculation of microorganisms, residues can play important roles in the establishment of plants in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Baru and Gonçalo-Alves seedlings, by increasing the availability of nutrients (such as P), from fertilization with composted sewage sludge, added or not to the inoculation of plant growth promoting microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus clarum), in pots. The experiments were carried out by plant species, in a greenhouse, at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FCA-Unesp Botucatu). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme being: 2 treatments with composted sewage sludge (with and without) and 4 treatments of inoculation of microorganisms (Control, B. subtilis, Gl. clarum and B. subtilis + Gl. clarum), with 5 repetitions and 1 plant per pot. After 150 days of transplanting, seedlings were evaluated by the following parameters: fresh and dry shoot weight; stem diameter; plant height; number of leaves; seedling quality index; fresh and dry weight and root area surface; volume, total length and mean root diameter; relative chlorophyll content; liquid photosynthesis; transpiration and stomatal conductance; root colonization and number of AMF spores; root colonization by dark septate endophytes and released CO2 (CO2-C) carbon. Baru shows to be a less demanding species in fertilization, especially in P, for its initial growth, however the inoculation of microorganisms, especially the AMF, favored the initial development of the plant. The inoculation of microorganisms and the addition of composted sewage sludge were positive for the initial development of Gonçalo-Alves, root colonization and soil microbial activity.
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Dipteryx alata Vogel, Astronium faxinifolium Schott, Micorriza arbuscular, Bacillus subtilis, Promotores de crescimento, Cerrado, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Growth promoter