Aspectos nutricionais e adubação nitrogenada para cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2022-05-09
Autores
Floriano, Pedro Henrique Pereira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura presente nas regiões tropicais do mundo e, no Brasil, o Estado de São Paulo se destaca como maior produtor dessa planta, responsável por mais de 50% da produção nacional. Devido à importância dessa cultura para a região, é necessário que se adote o melhor manejo possível, a fim de aumentar ainda mais a produção. O manejo nutricional do canavial é um excelente aliado para obter aumento de produtividade, em especial a adubação nitrogenada, que pode trazer acréscimos de produção variando de 20 a cerca de 40%. O objetivo com esse trabalho foi agregar informações de forma resumida, simplificada e atualizada sobre a nutrição e a adubação nitrogenada para cana-de-açúcar. O levantamento das informações foi feito na base de dados Google Acadêmico usando as palavras-chave cana-de-açúcar, nitrogênio, nutrição e adubação, e foi restrito ao período 2002 a 2022. Entre os aspectos mais importantes abordados no texto tem-se que, nas plantas, o N apresenta funções estruturais e é componente de enzimas, sendo muito importante para a produtividade. Atualmente, a ureia é o adubo mais usado, e deve ser utilizado seguindo as recomendações técnicas, em função da meta de produtividade, para o melhor manejo da área. No Estado de São Paulo, a recomendação de adubação para cultura está publicada no Boletim Técnico 100, que teve sua última edição em 1996, e nela constam 30 kg ha-1 de N no plantio e 60 a 90 kg ha-1 em cobertura. Para a cana-soca, as doses variam entre 60 e 120 kg ha-1, considerando um intervalo de produtividades de 60 a 100 t ha-1 de colmos.
The sugarcane is a culture present on the tropical regions of the world, and in Brazil, the São Paulo state stands out as the biggest producer of this crop. It is responsable for more than 50% of the national production. Due to the relevance of this culture to the region, it is necessary to adopt the best management possible, with the intend to increase even more the production. The nutritional management of the sugarcane crop is the best ally to achieve the increase in productivity, particularly the nitrogen based fertilizing, which can bring the aditional productivity, varying 20% and 40%, aproximatedly. The objective of this essay was to gather information in a summarized way, updated and simplified, about the nitrogen based fertilizing of the sugar cane. The gathering of the information was made with the data availabe on the Google academy platform, utilizing the following keywords: sugar cane, nitrogen, nutrition and fertilizing. The search was adstrict to the 2002-2022 period. Among the most relevant aspects adressed within the text, it is regarded that the nitrogen, in the plants, presents structural functions and is one of the composals of the enzymes, constituting its relevance in productivity. Nowadays, urea is the most used fertilizer, and it must be used according technical parameters, due to the productivity goal, looking for the best management of the area. In São Paulo state, the recomendation of fertilizing for the culture it's published in the technical bulletin n°100, which its last edition was published in 1996, and it contains 30 kilograms/ha-1 of nitrogen on the planting and 60 to 90 by ha-1 in converage. To the harvested sugarcane, the doses varies between 60 to 120 kilograms/ha-1, considering the productivity gap of 60-100 tons to ha-1 of thatchs.
The sugarcane is a culture present on the tropical regions of the world, and in Brazil, the São Paulo state stands out as the biggest producer of this crop. It is responsable for more than 50% of the national production. Due to the relevance of this culture to the region, it is necessary to adopt the best management possible, with the intend to increase even more the production. The nutritional management of the sugarcane crop is the best ally to achieve the increase in productivity, particularly the nitrogen based fertilizing, which can bring the aditional productivity, varying 20% and 40%, aproximatedly. The objective of this essay was to gather information in a summarized way, updated and simplified, about the nitrogen based fertilizing of the sugar cane. The gathering of the information was made with the data availabe on the Google academy platform, utilizing the following keywords: sugar cane, nitrogen, nutrition and fertilizing. The search was adstrict to the 2002-2022 period. Among the most relevant aspects adressed within the text, it is regarded that the nitrogen, in the plants, presents structural functions and is one of the composals of the enzymes, constituting its relevance in productivity. Nowadays, urea is the most used fertilizer, and it must be used according technical parameters, due to the productivity goal, looking for the best management of the area. In São Paulo state, the recomendation of fertilizing for the culture it's published in the technical bulletin n°100, which its last edition was published in 1996, and it contains 30 kilograms/ha-1 of nitrogen on the planting and 60 to 90 by ha-1 in converage. To the harvested sugarcane, the doses varies between 60 to 120 kilograms/ha-1, considering the productivity gap of 60-100 tons to ha-1 of thatchs.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação, Ciclo do nitrogênio, Cana-de-açúcar