Temporal variations, transport, and regional impacts of atmospheric aerosol and acid gases close to an oil and gas trading hub
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2022-01-01
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More than a third of oil and gas comes from offshore sources. However, there are no systematic assessments of the environmental effects resulting from coastal offshore support facilities. This article presents aerosol and gas data from Caraguatatuba, Brazil, a coastal region impacted by marine and continental emissions. Samples of acid gases (SO2, HNO3, HCl, acetic, and formic), ammonia, and aerosol in coarse (> 3.5 µm) and fine (< 3.5 µm) fractions were collected at sea level (SPESM) and on a height of 720 m (PAS). A concentration of five main species in fine particles decreases in the following order: SO42− > NH4+ > K+ > NO3− > C2O42− (SPESM) and SO42− > NO3− > NH4+ > Na+ > K+ (PAS). The fine aerosol is enriched with nitrate and sodium during transport from the coast to the continent. For coarse particles, the concentration of five main species decreases in the following order: Cl− > Na+ > SO42− > NO3− > Ca2+ (SPESM) and NO3− > Na+ > Cl− > SO42− > Ca2+ (PAS). Nitrate composition increases, and chloride composition decreases during transport to the plateau. At SPESM, HNO3 has an important role in the new nucleation particles. The formation of NH4NO3 through a reaction between NH3 and HNO3 is favored at high ammonia and nitric acid concentrations and low sulfate concentrations. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) absorbs HNO3 and emits HCl to the gas phase. At PAS, The particle acidity of SSA aged releases HCl to the gas phase. These aging processes are essential in understanding the sinks gases and atmospheric aerosol formation and their role in regional atmosphere acidity.
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International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
