PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

Measurement of jet fragmentation in PbPb and pp collisions at
√

sNN = 2.76 TeV

S. Chatrchyan et al.∗
(CMS Collaboration)

(Received 3 June 2014; published 18 August 2014)

The jet fragmentation function of inclusive jets with transverse momentum pT above 100 GeV/c in PbPb
collisions has been measured using reconstructed charged particles with pT above 1 GeV/c in a cone of radius
0.3 around the jet axis. A data sample of PbPb collisions collected in 2011 at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass
energy of √

sNN = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 μb−1 is used. The results for PbPb
collisions as a function of collision centrality and jet transverse momentum are compared to reference distributions
based on pp data collected at the same center-of-mass energy in 2013, with an integrated luminosity of 5.3 pb−1.
A centrality-dependent modification of the fragmentation function is found. For the most central collisions, a
significant enhancement is observed in the PbPb/pp fragmentation function ratio for charged particles with pT

less than 3 GeV/c. This enhancement is observed for all jet pT bins studied.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.024908 PACS number(s): 25.75.−q, 13.87.Fh

I. INTRODUCTION

High-energy collisions of heavy ions provide an impor-
tant experimental tool to study the puzzles of confinement
and chiral symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics
(QCD), the theory of strong interactions. It is expected that
a state of deconfined and chirally symmetric quarks and
gluons, called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), exists in the
hot and dense QCD medium produced in heavy-ion collisions
[1–4]. However, due to the complexity of multibody collision
systems, finding clean experimental signatures of the QGP
poses a challenge. In 1982, Björken first conjectured that
high-energy partons produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions
would lose energy as they traverse the QGP [5]. Since
then, a variety of experimental observations, including the
suppression of high-transverse-momentum (pT) particles, have
provided evidence for this conjecture. This suppression was
first seen at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [6,7]
and later at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (see,
for example, Ref. [8] and references therein). In addition, the
analysis of the first data from the CERN LHC provided more
direct evidence of parton energy loss using the difference in pT

between back-to-back pairs of jets [9–11] and also jet-photon
pairs [12]. Unbalanced dijet and jet-photon pairs were found
to be much more prevalent in the most central PbPb collisions
[10–12] compared to expectations in the absence of a hot and
dense medium. Further theoretical QCD studies have been
inspired by these observations using jets from the CERN LHC.
On the other hand, it has been predicted that, in the presence
of the strongly interacting medium produced in heavy-ion
collisions, the partitioning of the parton energy into particles
(the fragmentation function) may be modified and the yield
of high-pT particles suppressed [13–17]. Therefore, direct

∗Full author list given at the end of the article.

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of
this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published
article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

measurements of jet fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions
are important in the quest for understanding QCD through
medium-induced parton energy loss.

Studies of the detailed jet structure also have important
practical consequences for other aspects of jet analyses, includ-
ing the connection to the kinematics of the partons that produce
jets. The longitudinal and transverse fragmentation properties
of jets connect the perturbatively calculable production of
high-pT quarks and gluons with the hadronized final-state
particles. The study of jet production requires reconstructing
the jets using final-state particles. This reconstruction relies on
hadronization models to quantify how the original jet energy is
related to the energy determined by adding the energies of the
individual particles. In addition, although the production cross
section can be calculated perturbatively, there are corrections
due to the nonperturbative hadronization process. Study of the
fragmentation function provides an important experimental
check on the validity of the assumed jet fragmentation
in heavy-ion collisions. These results can also be used to
directly connect jet observables to measurements of high-pT

particles.
The goal of this analysis is to measure the jet fragmentation

function in heavy-ion collisions using reconstructed jets. This
is in contrast to the parton fragmentation function measured in
e+e− experiments, which is obtained relative to the initial
parton momentum. In previous work [18], the higher pT

(pT > 4 GeV/c) component of the fragmentation function
was found to be qualitatively similar to that for jets in pp
collisions, for which the medium is absent. The analysis
described in this paper uses data from the 2011 PbPb run at a
nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of

√
sNN = 2.76 TeV.

This work expands on the previous results by measuring the
fragmentation function for particles down to pT of 1 GeV/c.
Taking advantage of the higher integrated luminosity (150 μb
for PbPb and 5.3 pb−1 for the pp reference data), the measure-
ment is also carried out in more differential centrality bins,
and as a function of jet pT. This measurement complements
the previously published observation of a modification of the
transverse profile of the jet in PbPb [19], using the same 2011
and 2013 data.

0556-2813/2014/90(2)/024908(20) 024908-1 ©2014 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration

http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.024908
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/


S. CHATRCHYAN et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

II. THE CMS DETECTOR

The centerpiece of the CMS detector is a superconducting
solenoid, 12.5 m long with an internal diameter of 6 m, that
provides a uniform magnetic field of 3.8 T. In the CMS
coordinate system, the z axis points in the counterclockwise
beam direction, the x axis points toward the center of the LHC
ring, and the y axis points up, perpendicular to the plane of the
LHC ring. The azimuthal angle φ is measured with respect to
the x axis, and the polar angle θ is measured with respect to
the z axis. Charged particles or charged particles reconstructed
in the inner tracking system are characterized by their
transverse momentum, pT = | �p| sin θ , and pseudorapidity,
η = − ln [tan(θ/2)]. The inner tracking system is composed
of a pixel detector with three barrel layers at radii between
4.4 and 10.2 cm and a silicon strip tracker with 10 barrel
layers extending outward to a radius of 110 cm. Two endcap
modules extend the acceptance of the tracking system up to
|η| = 2.5. The momentum resolution for reconstructed tracks
in the barrel region is about 1% at pT = 100 GeV/c and up to
2% in the endcap at the same pT.

The calorimeters inside the magnetic coil consist of a lead-
tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) and a
brass-scintillator hadron calorimeter (HCAL) with coverage
up to |η| = 3. Steel–quartz-fiber Cherenkov hadron forward
(HF) calorimeters extend the coverage to |η| = 5.2. Muons
are measured in gas-ionization detectors embedded in the
steel flux-return yoke of the magnet. The calorimeter cells
are grouped in projective towers of granularity �η × �φ =
0.087 × 0.087 for the central rapidities (|η| � 2) considered
in this paper. The energy scale in data agrees with that in the
simulation to better than 1% in the barrel region (|η| < 1.5)
and better than 3% in the endcap region (1.3 < |η| < 3.0) [20].
Hadron calorimeter cells in the |η| < 3 region are calibrated
primarily with test-beam data and radioactive sources [21,22].
A detailed description of the CMS detector can be found in
Ref. [23].

III. TRIGGER, EVENT SELECTION, AND CENTRALITY
DETERMINATION

The CMS high-level trigger (HLT) system is used to select
PbPb collision events containing high-pT jets reconstructed
from calorimeter towers. The trigger threshold applied to
the jet transverse momentum is pT = 80 GeV/c. For pp
collisions, the threshold is 60 GeV/c. In addition to the
online trigger decision, standard offline selection criteria are
applied to remove backgrounds due to detector noise, beam gas
collisions, beam scraping, and ultra-peripheral-collision events
[11]. Events are further restricted to those with a reconstructed
vertex which includes at least two tracks and has a z position
within 15 cm of the detector center. Finally, an offline HF
coincidence of at least three towers with energy greater than
3 GeV on each side of the interaction point is required. These
event-quality requirements have only a small effect on the
number of selected events and have a negligible impact on the
jet analyses [11,12].

For the analysis of PbPb data, it is important to determine
the collision centrality in each event, which is related to

the overlap between the two colliding nuclei. Centrality
is determined using the sum of transverse energy [energy
times sin(θ )] reconstructed in the HF calorimeter (covering
2.9 < |η| < 5.2). The HF transverse energy distribution is
used to divide the event sample into percentiles of the total
nucleus-nucleus hadronic interaction cross section. A detailed
description of the centrality determination can be found in
[11].

IV. MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS

In this analysis, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been
used primarily for evaluation of reconstruction performance,
particularly in determination of tracking efficiency, and jet
energy response and resolution. These studies mostly used
QCD jet events simulated by the PYTHIA MC generator [24]
(version 6.423, tune Z2) [25]. These simulated PYTHIA events
are propagated through the CMS detector using the GEANT4

package [26] to simulate the detector response.
In order to account for the effect of the PbPb underlying

event, the PYTHIA events are embedded into fully simulated
PbPb events, generated by the HYDJET event generator [27]
(version 1.8), which has been tuned to describe the centrality
dependence of the hadron multiplicity, pT spectra, and elliptic
flow in minimum-bias PbPb data. The embedding is done by
mixing the simulated digital information from PYTHIA and
HYDJET.

V. RECONSTRUCTION

A. Jet reconstruction

For both pp and PbPb collisions, the analysis is based
on jets reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm, with a
distance parameter R of 0.3, utilizing particle-flow (PF) objects
that combine tracking and calorimetric information [28,29].
The value of 0.3 for R, also used in previous CMS jet
studies [11,12], was chosen to optimize the jet reconstruction
efficiency and misidentification rate. In the PbPb data, the
contribution of the underlying heavy-ion event is removed
using an iterative pileup subtraction method [30].

Only events with a minimum jet pT > 100 GeV/c, for
which the trigger is more than 99% efficient, are selected. From
this event sample, all of the PF jets above pT > 100 GeV/c
and also within 0.3 < |η| < 2 are included in the analysis.
Jets in the central region of |η| < 0.3 are excluded in order to
avoid overlaps in the background-subtraction procedure (see
Sec. VI B).

B. Charged-particle reconstruction

Charged particles are reconstructed in the following steps,
which are similar to those used previously [8,19]. First, using
a collection of pixel-only tracks required to have three hits
in the pixel detector, the three-dimensional primary vertex
position is estimated from extrapolations back to the beam
spot region. Next, track candidates are built from triplet seeds,
consisting of hits in three layers of the pixel barrel and endcap
detectors. To reduce the random combinatorial background,
only seeds pointing to a restricted region within 2 mm of the

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MEASUREMENT OF JET FRAGMENTATION IN PbPb AND . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

primary vertex and with a minimum pT of 0.9 GeV/c are
used. Further selections are made on the normalized goodness
of the track fit (i.e., χ2 per degree of freedom) and on the
compatibility of the fitted triplet seeds with the primary vertex,
before propagating the seed trajectories through the strip
tracker to build fully reconstructed tracks. To improve the track
reconstruction efficiency, two more iterations of the tracking
are performed after removing hits unambiguously belonging
to the tracks found in the first iteration. This procedure is
based on the standard pp iterative tracking [31]. More efficient
pp-based triplet track and pixel pair seedings are used in the
second and third iterations, respectively. The tracks found in
the later iterations are merged with the first-iteration tracks
after removing any duplicate tracks, based on the fraction of
shared hits. In all iterations, track quality criteria are applied
to the final list of track candidates to reduce the reconstruction
misidentification rate. The minimal pT for tracks used in the
analysis is 1 GeV/c.

A complete understanding of the tracking performance is
of primary importance for this analysis. This was studied
using jet events simulated with PYTHIA (tune Z2) embedded
into a HYDJET 1.8 background. The track-by-track corrections
for reconstruction efficiency and misidentified tracks are
computed in bins of track η and pT, neighboring jet pT, and
event centrality without any selection criteria imposed on the
reconstructed jets.

The performance of the tracking algorithm depends on
the local environment in which it operates. Therefore, the
corrections are computed separately for the four centrality
classes used in the analysis: 0%–10%, 10%–30%, 30%–50%,
and 50%–100% (most central to most peripheral events).
Due to the low multiplicity in the 50%–100% centrality, the
correction is also used for the split 50%–70% and 70%–100%
centrality bins, for the five centrality class results. At low pT,
the efficiency is ≈10% higher for the pure PYTHIA sample (i.e.,
pp multiplicity environment) than for the most central HYDJET-
embedded PYTHIA (i.e., PbPb multiplicity environment), while
at high pT the difference is about 4%. The misidentification
rate is small for all samples and ranges from 4% at 1 GeV/c
to 2% at 120 GeV/c.

VI. ANALYSIS

A. Jet fragmentation function

The jet fragmentation function is measured by correlating
reconstructed charged-particle tracks contained within the
jet cones, with the axis of the respective jet [32]. As done
in previous measurements at hadron colliders [33,34], the
fragmentation function is presented as a function of the
variables z and ξ , defined as

z = ptrack
‖
pjet

, ξ = ln
1

z
,

where ptrack
‖ is the momentum component of the track along

the jet axis and pjet is the magnitude of the jet momentum.
All tracks in a cone of

√
(�φ)2 + (�η)2 < 0.3 around the jet

axis are included in the analysis. The fragmentation function,

defined as (1/Njet) dNtrack/dξ , is normalized to the total
number of jets (Njet).

B. Underlying event subtraction

Due to the high level of underlying event activity coming
from the heavy-ion collisions, tracks that are not associ-
ated with the jet fragmentation can be found within the
jet cone. This uncorrelated background contribution to the
fragmentation function is subtracted statistically using the so-
called η-reflection method. The underlying event contribution
is estimated by selecting charged particles that lie in a
“background” jet cone obtained by reflecting the original jet
cone around η = 0 while keeping the same φ coordinate.
The background distribution is then subtracted from the raw
distribution obtained from tracks in the jet cone. The use of
this procedure is the reason why jets in the region |η| < 0.3
are excluded to avoid overlap between the signal jet region and
the region used for background estimation.

C. Fragmentation function biases

The measured fragmentation function contains two sources
of bias introduced by the jet reconstruction. The first bias
results from jet reconstruction in the presence of a high-
multiplicity background. As a result of the steeply falling
jet spectrum, a significant fraction of reconstructed jets that
just barely exceed the minimum pT threshold come from
the more abundant lower-energy jets enhanced by an upward
fluctuation in the background. The second bias is caused
by the jet reconstruction being correlated with the jet’s
fragmentation pattern. Jets which fragment harder, i.e., those
that produce fewer particles but with higher average pT,
are easier to reconstruct and have a slightly higher energy
scale.

Both biases are corrected for in the final analysis. The
biases affect different parts of the fragmentation function and
are assumed to be independent. The correction factors are
individually derived based on the PYTHIA + HYDJET simula-
tion. The first bias is corrected by comparing the estimated
background in the reflected cone to the true background in
the jet cone. A correction factor is then derived based on the
ratio of the two and used to weight tracks in the background
cone. The correction is computed as a function of track pT

and applied to events in the two highest analysis centrality
classes where background tracks dominate over the signal
tracks at low pT. An important element of this MC-based
technique is the fact that the tracks in the background cone have
very similar fluctuations (i.e., similar variations in background
energy) in the simulated heavy-ion events and in the data. The
second bias is corrected by comparing the true fragmentation
function of reconstructed jets in PYTHIA signal events and
PYTHIA + HYDJET events. A ratio is derived based on the
two and used to weight tracks in the pp jet cone so that the
pp reference data can be consistently compared with PbPb.
This correction is cross-checked by repeating the full analysis
for different kinds of signal events with embedded jets, as
described in Sec. VII.

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S. CHATRCHYAN et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

D. Proton-proton reference data

In order to quantify any medium-related effects, the
results are compared to reference distributions using the
high-statistics jet data in pp collisions collected in 2013 at√

sNN = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 5.3 ± 0.2 pb−1. For a direct comparison between pp and
PbPb collisions, the jet momentum resolution deterioration in
PbPb events has to be taken into account. For this purpose,
the reconstructed pT of every jet in the pp data is smeared
using a Gaussian distribution based on the quadratic difference
of the jet momentum resolution in PbPb and pp data. The
jet momentum resolutions are derived from the PbPb and
pp MC simulations described in Sec. IV. In order to keep
the jet kinematic constraints consistent, a reweighting factor,
derived based on the ratio of the PbPb and the smeared pp
jet pT spectra, is applied to each pp jet. After the reweighting
procedure, the resulting pp jet pT distribution matches the one
in PbPb in each centrality bin of the analysis.

VII. SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES

Systematic uncertainties are primarily due to the tracking
efficiency estimation, jet reconstruction, subtraction of the un-
derlying background, and differences between MC simulations
and data.

One systematic uncertainty arising from the tracking effi-
ciency and rate of reconstructing misidentified (fake) tracks is
estimated using the Monte Carlo simulations. This uncertainty
is based on the comparison of the fragmentation function
obtained by corrected, reconstructed tracks with those obtained
using the generator-level particles. In both cases, the same
(i.e., matched) reconstructed and generated jets are used. An
additional 10% tracking efficiency uncertainty is assigned to
account for the effects found in a study of the charge compo-
sition of reconstructed jets. Specifically, the observed charged
fraction of a jet (as determined using the PF objects within the
jet) decreases within the more central collisions with a 10%
difference between central and peripheral heavy-ion data (the
latter being very similar to pp data and the MC results). The
difference in charge fraction between central and peripheral
MC events is less than 2%. It is possible that this change is
due to physics. However, to be conservative, a value of 10%
is used as an estimate of a possible tracking inefficiency in
high-multiplicity PbPb events that is possibly not reproduced
by PYTHIA + HYDJET. The estimated uncertainty ranges from
0% for peripheral events to 10% for the most central events.

The fragmentation function is also sensitive to uncertainties
in the jet reconstruction in two aspects: the smearing of jet
energy due to resolution and the overall energy scale. In
order to estimate the effects of the jet energy resolution, a
fragmentation function is constructed from the same PbPb
data but with the jet energy artificially modified by smearing
with the additional jet energy resolution due to the underlying
event. Comparison of the fragmentation function with and
without modified jet energies is used to estimate the impact of
these underlying event fluctuations. The full difference found
between the two fragmentation functions is assigned as a
systematic uncertainty. The uncertainty due to the jet energy

scale is estimated by varying the energy of jets in the PbPb data
by 5%. This factor is determined using a quadratic sum of the
following three contributions. The uncertainty in the jet energy
scale in pp data was found to be 2%–3% [35]. Comparing
jet energies in reconstructed PYTHIA + HYDJET events to the
generator-level values showed a variation of about 1%. As
will be shown in Sec. VIII, the observed modification in the
PbPb fragmentation function is largely characterized by an
excess of particles with pT < 3 GeV/c (〈pT〉 = 1.4 GeV/c).
The jet energy corrections used in the analysis are found
using MC jets lacking these additional low-pT particles. The
impact of this effect was studied by inserting extra particles
in the 1 < pT < 2 GeV/c range to the PYTHIA + HYDJET

simulated jets. The ratio of reconstructed over generator-level
fragmentation functions is found to vary by about 4% from
the ratio found without extra embedded particles. The impact
of the uncertainties due to the jet energy scale and resolution
are different, since the scale uncertainty shifts all jet pT values
in the same direction, and the pT shift due to resolution can
be larger than that due to the scale uncertainty. The resulting
changes in the fragmentation function depend on both the bin
width in p

jet
T and the range of ptrack

T that corresponds to a given
bin in ξ . Thus, the fragmentation function uncertainties are a
somewhat complex function of p

jet
T and ξ .

To estimate the uncertainty in the underlying-event back-
ground subtraction, the fragmentation function analysis is
repeated with an alternative background subtraction using
mixed events. This method estimates the background con-
tribution to the fragmentation function using minimum-bias
PbPb data. For each jet in a signal event, tracks around the
(η,φ) position of the jet are taken from a separate minimum-
bias event. The total pT of these tracks constitutes the
“mixed-event” background. The full difference between the
two background-subtraction methods is quoted conservatively
as the uncertainty in the fragmentation function due to
background subtraction. Furthermore, due to the requirement
of a minimum reconstructed jet energy, jets sitting on top of an
upward background fluctuation are more likely to be selected.
In MC events, it is known precisely which particles are from
the underlying event and which are from the hard scattering
signal, and therefore a correction for the impact of this effect
on the default (η-reflected cone) background subtraction can
be extracted. It is possible that the point-to-point underlying
event fluctuations are slightly different between data and the
MC. To account for this possibility, half of the size of the
applied correction is quoted as a systematic uncertainty.

Finally, to estimate the effect of the signal jets in data having
a different fragmentation pattern than jets in simulations,
different types of signal jets are embedded into simulated
heavy-ion events. Systematic uncertainties are quoted based
on the difference between the reconstructed fragmentation
functions with embedded gluon and quark jets.

The individual systematic uncertainties are added in
quadrature to form the total systematic uncertainty. This is
summarized in Table I. The quoted systematic uncertainty
band is cross-checked by repeating the complete analysis
with PYTHIA + HYDJET corrections applied to reconstructed
events in which quenched jets generated using PYQUEN [27]
are embedded. The reconstructed fragmentation function from

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MEASUREMENT OF JET FRAGMENTATION IN PbPb AND . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

TABLE I. Summary of systematic uncertainties in jet fragmentation function analysis in bins of ξ for the 0%–10% centrality. The values
indicate the typical values of the systematic uncertainties and the intervals indicate the range of systematic uncertainties for various ranges of ξ .

Item Input/variation ξ < 1.5

Jet pT range (GeV/c) 100–120 120–150 150–300 100–300
Jet energy resolution 10%–20% smearing 3.7%–6.7% 2%–6.2% 3.9%–6.9% 0.1%–0.7%
Jet energy scale 5% shift 9.3%–29% 8.5%–26% 7.9%–25% 8.9%–28%
Tracking efficiency Nonclosure 0.1%–1.9%
Tracking efficiency Centrality variation 10%
Background bias 50% of correction <0.1%
Background procedure Difference between methods 1.9%–4.3%
Gluon jet cross-check Nonclosure 1.2%–3.9%
Quark jet cross-check Nonclosure 4.8%–9.8%
Total 15%–28% 14%–37% 14%–20% 15%–31%
Item Input/variation 1.5 < ξ < 4

Jet pT range (GeV/c) 100–120 120–150 150–300 100–300
Jet energy resolution 10%–20% smearing 0.1%–2.7% 1.1%–1.4% 0%–1.9% 0.1%–1.0%
Jet energy scale 5% shift 1.6%–4.8% 1.4%–4.4% 1.3%–4.1% 1.5%–4.6%
Tracking efficiency Nonclosure 0.1%–0.7%
Tracking efficiency Centrality variation 10%
Background bias 50% of correction 0%–3.3%
Background procedure Difference between methods 0%–2.7%
Gluon jet cross-check Nonclosure 3.8%–5.0%
Quark jet cross-check Nonclosure 0.2%–2.0%
Total 11%–14% 11%–13% 11%–13% 11%–12%
Item Input/variation 4 < ξ < 5

Jet pT range (GeV/c) 100–120 120–150 150–300 100–300
Jet energy resolution 10%–20% smearing 0.2%–0.6% 0.7% 1.0%–5.1% 1.7%–2.5%
Jet energy scale 5% shift 0.21%–2.9% 0.19%–2.7% 0.18%–2.5% 0.2%–2.8%
Tracking efficiency Nonclosure 0.2%–1.6%
Tracking efficiency Centrality variation 10%
Background bias 50% of correction 8.1%–8.8%
Background procedure Diff. between methods 3.8%–4.9%
Gluon jet cross-check Nonclosure 1.1%–4.2%
Quark jet cross-check Nonclosure 1.5%–4.5%
Total 19%–26% 16%–17% 17%–23% 14%–16%

this study is consistent with the generator truth within the
quoted systematic uncertainties.

VIII. RESULTS

Figure 1 shows the fragmentation function reconstructed
in PbPb data and pp reference for 100 < p

jet
T < 300 GeV/c

FIG. 1. (Color online) (Top) The PbPb fragmentation function in bins of centrality (increasing from left to right) overlaid with pp reference
data. Jets have 100 < pT < 300 GeV/c, and tracks have pT > 1 GeV/c. (Bottom) The ratio of each PbPb fragmentation function to its pp
reference. Error bars are statistical, and boxes show the systematic uncertainty.

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S. CHATRCHYAN et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

FIG. 2. (Color online) (Top) The PbPb fragmentation function in bins of centrality (increasing from left to right) overlaid with pp reference
data. Jets have 100 < pT < 120 GeV/c, and tracks have pT > 1 GeV/c. (Bottom) The ratio of each PbPb fragmentation function to its pp
reference. Error bars are statistical, and boxes show the systematic uncertainty.

and tracks with pT above 1 GeV/c within a radius of 0.3
relative to the corresponding jet axis. For the PbPb fragmen-
tation function, the contribution from the underlying event is
subtracted using the η reflection method. For the pp reference
data, the corresponding jet distribution is first smeared with
the additional PbPb jet resolution due to the underlying event,
and then reweighted to match the jet pT distribution in PbPb
data. Figures 2–4 show the same fragmentation function differ-
entially in jet pT, for 100 < p

jet
T < 120 GeV/c, 120 < p

jet
T <

150 GeV/c, and 150 < p
jet
T < 300 GeV/c, respectively. In the

higher statistics Fig. 1, we retained the same 50%–70% and
70%–100% centrality binning from [19].

It is clear from the results in Figs. 1–4 that the modification
of the fragmentation function of jets in PbPb compared to those
in pp grows with increasingly central collision. In the 50%–
100% bin, the ratio of PbPb/pp is almost flat at unity within
the systematic uncertainties, which means no modification.
However, a significant excess at high ξ (low track pT) is

FIG. 3. (Color online) (Top) The PbPb fragmentation function in bins of centrality (increasing from left to right) overlaid with pp reference
data. Jets have 120 < pT < 150 GeV/c, and tracks have pT > 1 GeV/c. (Bottom) The ratio of each PbPb fragmentation function to its pp
reference. Error bars are statistical, and boxes show the systematic uncertainty.

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MEASUREMENT OF JET FRAGMENTATION IN PbPb AND . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

FIG. 4. (Color online) (Top) The PbPb fragmentation function in bins of centrality (increasing from left to right) overlaid with pp reference
data. Jets have 150 < pT < 300 GeV/c, and tracks have pT > 1 GeV/c. (Bottom) The ratio of each PbPb fragmentation function to its pp
reference. Error bars are statistical, and boxes show the systematic uncertainty.

observed for more central events, combined with a depletion in
the intermediate ξ . In the most central 0%–10% collisions and
for the lowest charged-particle momenta studied, the PbPb/pp
fragmentation function ratio rises to ∼1.5. This implies that
for central collisions the spectrum of particles in a jet has an
enhanced contribution of soft particles compared to that from
pp collisions. No significant dependence of the modification
on p

jet
T is observed within our current statistical and systematic

uncertainties.
Possible sources of the observed modifications to the

fragmentation function in central PbPb collisions include a
change in the fraction of jets arising from either quarks or

gluons, a change in the parton shower due to the medium
[13–17], or the presence of particles resulting from the medium
response. The fragmentation patterns of pure quarks and
partons are predicted by PYTHIA to be significantly different.
If traversing the medium has a bigger impact on gluons, as
might be expected given their larger color charge compared
to quarks, this change in the admixture of the two parton
types would change the measured fragmentation function. The
distinction between the second and third listed possibilities
may or may not be valid depending on the specifics of
the physical processes responsible for jet quenching. More
detailed experimental and theoretical analysis will be required

FIG. 5. (Color online) The spectrum of tracks inside the cone of jets with 100 < p
jet
T < 300 GeV/c, as a function of track pT, for PbPb

(with increasing centrality from left to right) and pp. Both the PbPb and pp results are background subtracted, in the same manner as for the
fragmentation function. The bottom panels show the difference of PbPb and pp spectra, demonstrating an excess of low-pT tracks in the PbPb
events.

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S. CHATRCHYAN et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

FIG. 6. (Color online) The spectrum of tracks inside the cone of jets with 100 < p
jet
T < 120 GeV/c, as a function of track pT, for PbPb

(with increasing centrality from left to right) and pp. Both the PbPb and pp results are background subtracted, in the same manner as for the
fragmentation function. The bottom panels show the difference of PbPb and pp spectra, demonstrating an excess of low-pT tracks in the PbPb
events.

to attempt to separate the influence of these, and possibly other,
contributions to the observed effects.

One can further investigate in which track pT ranges the
fragmentation function exhibits an excess by examining the
pT spectra for tracks inside the jet cone. These distributions
are obtained with the same background subtraction described
above. Figure 5 shows the spectra of tracks in the jet cone

compared to pp reference data. In order to quantify the
excess of tracks at a given pT, the bottom panels show
the difference of the two distributions, pp subtracted from
PbPb. Figures 6–8 show the same differentially in p

jet
T ,

for 100 < p
jet
T < 120 GeV/c, 120 < p

jet
T < 150 GeV/c, and

150 < p
jet
T < 300 GeV/c, respectively. The excess that is

observed at the high-ξ region of the fragmentation function

FIG. 7. (Color online) The spectrum of tracks inside the cone of jets with 120 < p
jet
T < 150 GeV/c, as a function of track pT, for PbPb

(with increasing centrality from left to right) and pp. Both the PbPb and pp results are background subtracted, in the same manner as for the
fragmentation function. The bottom panels show the difference of PbPb and pp spectra, demonstrating an excess of low-pT tracks in the PbPb
events.

024908-8



MEASUREMENT OF JET FRAGMENTATION IN PbPb AND . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

FIG. 8. (Color online) The spectrum of tracks inside the cone of jets with 150 < p
jet
T < 300 GeV/c, as a function of track pT, for PbPb

(with increasing centrality from left to right) and pp. Both the PbPb and pp results are background subtracted, in the same manner as for the
fragmentation function. The bottom panels show the difference of PbPb and pp spectra, demonstrating an excess of low-pT tracks in the PbPb
events.

is localized at low pT for tracks (pT below ≈3 GeV/c). No
pronounced jet pT dependence of this excess is observed within
the current statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Figures 1–4 also show some evidence for a very weak
suppression in the intermediate region, ξ ≈ 1.5–3.0. This
corresponds to the weak suppression seen in Figs. 5–8 around
pT ≈ 6 GeV/c. Since summing the pT of all included tracks
cannot exceed the total jet pT, it is impossible to have
significantly more tracks in one pT range without having fewer
in another range. However, fewer tracks are required at high
pT to satisfy this summed-momentum restriction. While some
depletion is observed, the uncertainties in the current results
preclude a precise determination of the pT range from which
the excess low-pT tracks originate.

IX. SUMMARY

The fragmentation function of inclusive jets in PbPb
collisions at

√
sNN = 2.76 TeV has been measured. Jets were

reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with a distance
parameter of 0.3.

For the analysis, inclusive jets with p
jet
T > 100 GeV/c

and 0.3 < |ηjet| < 2 were reconstructed using particle-flow
objects, which combine information from charged-particle
tracking and calorimetry. The jet fragmentation function in
a cone of 0.3 was obtained using charged particles with pT >
1 GeV/c and |η| < 2.4, and as a function of collision centrality
for five centrality selections, 70%–100%, 50%–70%, 30%–
50%, 10%–30%, and 0%–10%. The uncorrelated contribution
from the underlying event to the charged-particle distribution
in the cone was subtracted using an “η-reflected cone” method.
The fragmentation function in PbPb collisions was compared
to measurements with the same selection in pp collisions at

the same center-of-mass energy. For this comparison, a jet
momentum smearing and reweighting procedure was applied
to obtain a proper pp-based reference.

For the 70%–100% most peripheral collisions, the frag-
mentation function in PbPb collisions agrees with that for
the pp reference. For more central collisions, a significant
modification of the fragmentation function in PbPb compared
to pp in the intermediate- and high-ξ region develops. For
charged particles in the region of 1–3 GeV/c, corresponding
to ξ above about 3.5, a clear rise in the ratio of PbPb to pp
is observed. In the intermediate-pT range of fragmentation
products, ξ between 2 and 3, evidence is seen for a small
depletion in the ratio. In the most central 0%–10% collisions
and for the lowest charged particle momenta studied, the
PbPb/pp fragmentation function ratio rises to ≈1.6. For the
current jet kinematic range, no significant variation of the
modification with jet pT is observed within the statistical and
systematic uncertainties.

By including charged particles at lower pT than the previous
CMS measurement, a clear centrality-dependent modification
of the inclusive jet fragmentation function in PbPb collisions
is now revealed. As fragmentation at larger radii from the jet
axis is dominated by low-pT particles, this is consistent with
the enhancement seen in Ref. [19]. The interplay between
the modifications in the high-pT and low-pT parts of the
fragmentation function provides constraints on models of
medium-induced energy loss and opens up new avenues to
understand the transport properties of the QGP.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator
departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and

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S. CHATRCHYAN et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and
at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success
of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the
computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Com-
puting Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infras-
tructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the
enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC
and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agen-
cies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research, and
Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds
de la Recherche Scientifique and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek; the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, CAPES,
FAPERJ, and FAPESP; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education
and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural
Science Foundation of China; the Colombian funding agency
COLCIENCIAS; the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education
and Sport and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research
Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education
and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and
IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia;
the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and
Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National
de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS
and Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies
Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bil-
dung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Ger-
many; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology,
Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation and
National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of
Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technol-
ogy, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics
and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland;
the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Korean
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the World
Class University program of NRF, Republic of Korea; the
Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education
and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican funding

agencies CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI)
the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New
Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Min-
istry of Science and Higher Education and the National
Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a
Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of
Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy
of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research;
the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Devel-
opment of Serbia; the Secretarı́a de Estado de Investigación,
Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio
2010, Spain; the Swiss funding agencies ETH Board, ETH
Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER; the
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion
of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, and the
Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National
Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand;
the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and
the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Fund for Fundamental
Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities
Council, UK; and the US Department of Energy and the
US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received
support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European
Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the
Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexan-
der von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science
Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche
dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the
Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie
(IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
(MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and
Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme
of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by the European
Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San
Paolo (Torino); and the Thalis and Aristeia programmes
cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF.

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S. Gonzi,57a,57b V. Gori,57a,57b P. Lenzi,57a,57b M. Meschini,57a S. Paoletti,57a G. Sguazzoni,57a A. Tropiano,57a,57b L. Benussi,58

S. Bianco,58 F. Fabbri,58 D. Piccolo,58 P. Fabbricatore,59a R. Ferretti,59a,59b F. Ferro,59a M. Lo Vetere,59a,59b R. Musenich,59a

E. Robutti,59a S. Tosi,59a,59b A. Benaglia,60a M. E. Dinardo,60a,60b S. Fiorendi,60a,60b,b S. Gennai,60a R. Gerosa,60a

A. Ghezzi,60a,60b P. Govoni,60a,60b M. T. Lucchini,60a,60b,b S. Malvezzi,60a R. A. Manzoni,60a,60b,b A. Martelli,60a,60b,b

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T. Tabarelli de Fatis,60a,60b S. Buontempo,61a,a N. Cavallo,61a,61c S. Di Guida,61a,61d F. Fabozzi,61a,61c A. O. M. Iorio,61a,61b

L. Lista,61a S. Meola,61a,61d,b M. Merola,61a P. Paolucci,61a,b P. Azzi,62a N. Bacchetta,62a M. Biasotto,62a,aa D. Bisello,62a,62b

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024908-12



MEASUREMENT OF JET FRAGMENTATION IN PbPb AND . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

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P. Squillacioti,65a,bb R. Tenchini,65a G. Tonelli,65a,65b A. Venturi,65a P. G. Verdini,65a C. Vernieri,65a,65c L. Barone,66a,66b

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E. Migliore,67a,67b V. Monaco,67a,67b M. Musich,67a M. M. Obertino,67a,67c G. Ortona,67a,67b L. Pacher,67a,67b N. Pastrone,67a

M. Pelliccioni,67a,b A. Potenza,67a,67b A. Romero,67a,67b M. Ruspa,67a,67c R. Sacchi,67a,67b A. Solano,67a,67b A. Staiano,67a

U. Tamponi,67a S. Belforte,68a V. Candelise,68a,68b M. Casarsa,68a F. Cossutti,68a G. Della Ricca,68a,68b B. Gobbo,68a

C. La Licata,68a,68b M. Marone,68a,68b D. Montanino,68a,68b A. Penzo,68a A. Schizzi,68a,68b T. Umer,68a,68b A. Zanetti,68a

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M. Konecki,85 J. Krolikowski,85 M. Misiura,85 W. Wolszczak,85 P. Bargassa,86 C. Beirão Da Cruz E Silva,86 P. Faccioli,86

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A. Vinogradov,91 A. Belyaev,92 E. Boos,92 A. Ershov,92 A. Gribushin,92 V. Klyukhin,92 O. Kodolova,92 V. Korotkikh,92

I. Lokhtin,92 S. Obraztsov,92 S. Petrushanko,92 V. Savrin,92 A. Snigirev,92 I. Vardanyan,92 I. Azhgirey,93 I. Bayshev,93

S. Bitioukov,93 V. Kachanov,93 A. Kalinin,93 D. Konstantinov,93 V. Krychkine,93 V. Petrov,93 R. Ryutin,93 A. Sobol,93

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N. Colino,95 B. De La Cruz,95 A. Delgado Peris,95 D. Domı́nguez Vázquez,95 C. Fernandez Bedoya,95 J. P. Fernández Ramos,95

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I. J. Cabrillo,98 A. Calderon,98 J. Duarte Campderros,98 M. Fernandez,98 G. Gomez,98 J. Gonzalez Sanchez,98 A. Graziano,98

A. Lopez Virto,98 J. Marco,98 R. Marco,98 C. Martinez Rivero,98 F. Matorras,98 F. J. Munoz Sanchez,98 J. Piedra Gomez,98

T. Rodrigo,98 A. Y. Rodrı́guez-Marrero,98 A. Ruiz-Jimeno,98 L. Scodellaro,98 I. Vila,98 R. Vilar Cortabitarte,98 D. Abbaneo,99

E. Auffray,99 G. Auzinger,99 M. Bachtis,99 P. Baillon,99 A. H. Ball,99 D. Barney,99 J. Bendavid,99 L. Benhabib,99 J. F. Benitez,99

C. Bernet,99,h G. Bianchi,99 P. Bloch,99 A. Bocci,99 A. Bonato,99 O. Bondu,99 C. Botta,99 H. Breuker,99 T. Camporesi,99

G. Cerminara,99 T. Christiansen,99 J. A. Coarasa Perez,99 S. Colafranceschi,99,ii M. D’Alfonso,99 D. d’Enterria,99

A. Dabrowski,99 A. David,99 F. De Guio,99 A. De Roeck,99 S. De Visscher,99 M. Dobson,99 N. Dupont-Sagorin,99

A. Elliott-Peisert,99 J. Eugster,99 G. Franzoni,99 W. Funk,99 M. Giffels,99 D. Gigi,99 K. Gill,99 D. Giordano,99 M. Girone,99

M. Giunta,99 F. Glege,99 R. Gomez-Reino Garrido,99 S. Gowdy,99 R. Guida,99 J. Hammer,99 M. Hansen,99 P. Harris,99

V. Innocente,99 P. Janot,99 E. Karavakis,99 K. Kousouris,99 K. Krajczar,99 P. Lecoq,99 C. Lourenço,99 N. Magini,99 L. Malgeri,99

M. Mannelli,99 L. Masetti,99 F. Meijers,99 S. Mersi,99 E. Meschi,99 F. Moortgat,99 M. Mulders,99 P. Musella,99 L. Orsini,99

E. Palencia Cortezon,99 E. Perez,99 L. Perrozzi,99 A. Petrilli,99 G. Petrucciani,99 A. Pfeiffer,99 M. Pierini,99 M. Pimiä,99

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C. Schwick,99 S. Sekmen,99 A. Sharma,99 P. Siegrist,99 P. Silva,99 M. Simon,99 P. Sphicas,99,kk D. Spiga,99 J. Steggemann,99

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W. Erdmann,100 R. Horisberger,100 Q. Ingram,100 H. C. Kaestli,100 S. König,100 D. Kotlinski,100 U. Langenegger,100

D. Renker,100 T. Rohe,100 F. Bachmair,101 L. Bäni,101 L. Bianchini,101 P. Bortignon,101 M. A. Buchmann,101 B. Casal,101

N. Chanon,101 A. Deisher,101 G. Dissertori,101 M. Dittmar,101 M. Donegà,101 M. Dünser,101 P. Eller,101 C. Grab,101 D. Hits,101

W. Lustermann,101 B. Mangano,101 A. C. Marini,101 P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol,101 D. Meister,101 N. Mohr,101 C. Nägeli,101,ll

P. Nef,101 F. Nessi-Tedaldi,101 F. Pandolfi,101 L. Pape,101 F. Pauss,101 M. Peruzzi,101 M. Quittnat,101 F. J. Ronga,101

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H. A. Weber,101 C. Amsler,102,oo M. F. Canelli,102 V. Chiochia,102 A. De Cosa,102 C. Favaro,102 A. Hinzmann,102 T. Hreus,102

M. Ivova Rikova,102 B. Kilminster,102 B. Millan Mejias,102 J. Ngadiuba,102 P. Robmann,102 H. Snoek,102 S. Taroni,102

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E. Petrakou,104 X. Shi,104 J. G. Shiu,104 Y. M. Tzeng,104 M. Wang,104 R. Wilken,104 B. Asavapibhop,105 N. Suwonjandee,105

A. Adiguzel,106 M. N. Bakirci,106,pp S. Cerci,106,qq C. Dozen,106 I. Dumanoglu,106 E. Eskut,106 S. Girgis,106 G. Gokbulut,106

E. Gurpinar,106 I. Hos,106 E. E. Kangal,106 A. Kayis Topaksu,106 G. Onengut,106,rr K. Ozdemir,106 S. Ozturk,106,pp A. Polatoz,106

K. Sogut,106,ss D. Sunar Cerci,106,qq B. Tali,106,qq H. Topakli,106,pp M. Vergili,106 I. V. Akin,107 T. Aliev,107 B. Bilin,107

S. Bilmis,107 M. Deniz,107 H. Gamsizkan,107 A. M. Guler,107 G. Karapinar,107,tt K. Ocalan,107 A. Ozpineci,107 M. Serin,107

R. Sever,107 U. E. Surat,107 M. Yalvac,107 M. Zeyrek,107 E. Gülmez,108 B. Isildak,108,uu M. Kaya,108,vv O. Kaya,108,vv

S. Ozkorucuklu,108,ww H. Bahtiyar,109,xx E. Barlas,109 K. Cankocak,109 Y. O. Günaydin,109,yy F. I. Vardarlı,109 M. Yücel,109

L. Levchuk,110 P. Sorokin,110 J. J. Brooke,111 E. Clement,111 D. Cussans,111 H. Flacher,111 R. Frazier,111 J. Goldstein,111

M. Grimes,111 G. P. Heath,111 H. F. Heath,111 J. Jacob,111 L. Kreczko,111 C. Lucas,111 Z. Meng,111 D. M. Newbold,111,zz

S. Paramesvaran,111 A. Poll,111 S. Senkin,111 V. J. Smith,111 T. Williams,111 A. Belyaev,112,aaa C. Brew,112 R. M. Brown,112

D. J. A. Cockerill,112 J. A. Coughlan,112 K. Harder,112 S. Harper,112 J. Ilic,112 E. Olaiya,112 D. Petyt,112

C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous,112 A. Thea,112 I. R. Tomalin,112 W. J. Womersley,112 S. D. Worm,112 M. Baber,113

R. Bainbridge,113 O. Buchmuller,113 D. Burton,113 D. Colling,113 N. Cripps,113 M. Cutajar,113 P. Dauncey,113 G. Davies,113

M. Della Negra,113 W. Ferguson,113 J. Fulcher,113 D. Futyan,113 A. Gilbert,113 A. Guneratne Bryer,113 G. Hall,113

Z. Hatherell,113 J. Hays,113 G. Iles,113 M. Jarvis,113 G. Karapostoli,113 M. Kenzie,113 R. Lane,113 R. Lucas,113,zz L. Lyons,113

A.-M. Magnan,113 J. Marrouche,113 B. Mathias,113 R. Nandi,113 J. Nash,113 A. Nikitenko,113,mm J. Pela,113 M. Pesaresi,113

K. Petridis,113 M. Pioppi,113,bbb D. M. Raymond,113 S. Rogerson,113 A. Rose,113 C. Seez,113 P. Sharp,113,oo A. Sparrow,113

A. Tapper,113 M. Vazquez Acosta,113 T. Virdee,113 S. Wakefield,113 N. Wardle,113 J. E. Cole,114 P. R. Hobson,114 A. Khan,114

P. Kyberd,114 D. Leggat,114 D. Leslie,114 W. Martin,114 I. D. Reid,114 P. Symonds,114 L. Teodorescu,114 M. Turner,114

J. Dittmann,115 K. Hatakeyama,115 A. Kasmi,115 H. Liu,115 T. Scarborough,115 O. Charaf,116 S. I. Cooper,116 C. Henderson,116

P. Rumerio,116 A. Avetisyan,117 T. Bose,117 C. Fantasia,117 A. Heister,117 P. Lawson,117 D. Lazic,117 J. Rohlf,117 D. Sperka,117

J. St. John,117 L. Sulak,117 J. Alimena,118 S. Bhattacharya,118 G. Christopher,118 D. Cutts,118 Z. Demiragli,118 A. Ferapontov,118

A. Garabedian,118 U. Heintz,118 S. Jabeen,118 G. Kukartsev,118 E. Laird,118 G. Landsberg,118 M. Luk,118 M. Narain,118

M. Segala,118 T. Sinthuprasith,118 T. Speer,118 J. Swanson,118 R. Breedon,119 G. Breto,119 M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez,119

S. Chauhan,119 M. Chertok,119 J. Conway,119 R. Conway,119 P. T. Cox,119 R. Erbacher,119 M. Gardner,119 W. Ko,119

A. Kopecky,119 R. Lander,119 T. Miceli,119 D. Pellett,119 J. Pilot,119 F. Ricci-Tam,119 B. Rutherford,119 M. Searle,119

S. Shalhout,119 J. Smith,119 M. Squires,119 M. Tripathi,119 S. Wilbur,119 R. Yohay,119 V. Andreev,120 D. Cline,120 R. Cousins,120

S. Erhan,120 P. Everaerts,120 C. Farrell,120 M. Felcini,120 J. Hauser,120 M. Ignatenko,120 C. Jarvis,120 G. Rakness,120

P. Schlein,120,nn E. Takasugi,120 V. Valuev,120 M. Weber,120 J. Babb,121 R. Clare,121 J. Ellison,121 J. W. Gary,121 G. Hanson,121

J. Heilman,121 P. Jandir,121 F. Lacroix,121 H. Liu,121 O. R. Long,121 A. Luthra,121 M. Malberti,121 H. Nguyen,121 A. Shrinivas,121

J. Sturdy,121 S. Sumowidagdo,121 S. Wimpenny,121 W. Andrews,122 J. G. Branson,122 G. B. Cerati,122 S. Cittolin,122

R. T. D’Agnolo,122 D. Evans,122 A. Holzner,122 R. Kelley,122 D. Kovalskyi,122 M. Lebourgeois,122 J. Letts,122 I. Macneill,122

S. Padhi,122 C. Palmer,122 M. Pieri,122 M. Sani,122 V. Sharma,122 S. Simon,122 E. Sudano,122 M. Tadel,122 Y. Tu,122 A. Vartak,122

S. Wasserbaech,122,ccc F. Würthwein,122 A. Yagil,122 J. Yoo,122 D. Barge,123 C. Campagnari,123 T. Danielson,123 K. Flowers,123

P. Geffert,123 C. George,123 F. Golf,123 J. Incandela,123 C. Justus,123 R. Magaña Villalba,123 N. Mccoll,123 V. Pavlunin,123

J. Richman,123 R. Rossin,123 D. Stuart,123 W. To,123 C. West,123 A. Apresyan,124 A. Bornheim,124 J. Bunn,124 Y. Chen,124

E. Di Marco,124 J. Duarte,124 D. Kcira,124 A. Mott,124 H. B. Newman,124 C. Pena,124 C. Rogan,124 M. Spiropulu,124

V. Timciuc,124 R. Wilkinson,124 S. Xie,124 R. Y. Zhu,124 V. Azzolini,125 A. Calamba,125 R. Carroll,125 T. Ferguson,125

Y. Iiyama,125 D. W. Jang,125 M. Paulini,125 J. Russ,125 H. Vogel,125 I. Vorobiev,125 J. P. Cumalat,126 B. R. Drell,126

W. T. Ford,126 A. Gaz,126 E. Luiggi Lopez,126 U. Nauenberg,126 J. G. Smith,126 K. Stenson,126 K. A. Ulmer,126 S. R. Wagner,126

J. Alexander,127 A. Chatterjee,127 N. Eggert,127 L. K. Gibbons,127 W. Hopkins,127 A. Khukhunaishvili,127 B. Kreis,127

N. Mirman,127 G. Nicolas Kaufman,127 J. R. Patterson,127 A. Ryd,127 E. Salvati,127 W. Sun,127 W. D. Teo,127 J. Thom,127

J. Thompson,127 J. Tucker,127 Y. Weng,127 L. Winstrom,127 P. Wittich,127 D. Winn,128 S. Abdullin,129 M. Albrow,129

J. Anderson,129 G. Apollinari,129 L. A. T. Bauerdick,129 A. Beretvas,129 J. Berryhill,129 P. C. Bhat,129 K. Burkett,129

J. N. Butler,129 V. Chetluru,129 H. W. K. Cheung,129 F. Chlebana,129 S. Cihangir,129 V. D. Elvira,129 I. Fisk,129 J. Freeman,129

Y. Gao,129 E. Gottschalk,129 L. Gray,129 D. Green,129 S. Grünendahl,129 O. Gutsche,129 D. Hare,129 R. M. Harris,129

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J. Linacre,129 D. Lincoln,129 R. Lipton,129 J. Lykken,129 K. Maeshima,129 J. M. Marraffino,129 V. I. Martinez Outschoorn,129

S. Maruyama,129 D. Mason,129 P. McBride,129 K. Mishra,129 S. Mrenna,129 Y. Musienko,129,ff S. Nahn,129

C. Newman-Holmes,129 V. O’Dell,129 O. Prokofyev,129 N. Ratnikova,129 E. Sexton-Kennedy,129 S. Sharma,129

W. J. Spalding,129 L. Spiegel,129 L. Taylor,129 S. Tkaczyk,129 N. V. Tran,129 L. Uplegger,129 E. W. Vaandering,129 R. Vidal,129

A. Whitbeck,129 J. Whitmore,129 W. Wu,129 F. Yang,129 J. C. Yun,129 D. Acosta,130 P. Avery,130 D. Bourilkov,130 T. Cheng,130

S. Das,130 M. De Gruttola,130 G. P. Di Giovanni,130 D. Dobur,130 R. D. Field,130 M. Fisher,130 Y. Fu,130 I. K. Furic,130

J. Hugon,130 B. Kim,130 J. Konigsberg,130 A. Korytov,130 A. Kropivnitskaya,130 T. Kypreos,130 J. F. Low,130 K. Matchev,130

P. Milenovic,130,ddd G. Mitselmakher,130 L. Muniz,130 A. Rinkevicius,130 L. Shchutska,130 N. Skhirtladze,130 M. Snowball,130

J. Yelton,130 M. Zakaria,130 V. Gaultney,131 S. Hewamanage,131 S. Linn,131 P. Markowitz,131 G. Martinez,131 J. L. Rodriguez,131

T. Adams,132 A. Askew,132 J. Bochenek,132 J. Chen,132 B. Diamond,132 J. Haas,132 S. Hagopian,132 V. Hagopian,132

K. F. Johnson,132 H. Prosper,132 V. Veeraraghavan,132 M. Weinberg,132 M. M. Baarmand,133 B. Dorney,133 M. Hohlmann,133

H. Kalakhety,133 F. Yumiceva,133 M. R. Adams,134 L. Apanasevich,134 V. E. Bazterra,134 R. R. Betts,134 I. Bucinskaite,134

R. Cavanaugh,134 O. Evdokimov,134 L. Gauthier,134 C. E. Gerber,134 D. J. Hofman,134 S. Khalatyan,134 P. Kurt,134

D. H. Moon,134 C. O’Brien,134 C. Silkworth,134 P. Turner,134 N. Varelas,134 U. Akgun,135 E. A. Albayrak,135,xx B. Bilki,135,eee

W. Clarida,135 K. Dilsiz,135 F. Duru,135 M. Haytmyradov,135 J.-P. Merlo,135 H. Mermerkaya,135,fff A. Mestvirishvili,135

A. Moeller,135 J. Nachtman,135 H. Ogul,135 Y. Onel,135 F. Ozok,135,xx S. Sen,135 P. Tan,135 E. Tiras,135 J. Wetzel,135

T. Yetkin,135,ggg K. Yi,135 B. A. Barnett,136 B. Blumenfeld,136 S. Bolognesi,136 D. Fehling,136 A. V. Gritsan,136

P. Maksimovic,136 C. Martin,136 M. Swartz,136 P. Baringer,137 A. Bean,137 G. Benelli,137 R. P. Kenny III,137 M. Murray,137

D. Noonan,137 S. Sanders,137 J. Sekaric,137 R. Stringer,137 Q. Wang,137 J. S. Wood,137 A. F. Barfuss,138 I. Chakaberia,138

A. Ivanov,138 S. Khalil,138 M. Makouski,138 Y. Maravin,138 L. K. Saini,138 S. Shrestha,138 I. Svintradze,138 J. Gronberg,139

D. Lange,139 F. Rebassoo,139 D. Wright,139 A. Baden,140 B. Calvert,140 S. C. Eno,140 J. A. Gomez,140 N. J. Hadley,140

R. G. Kellogg,140 T. Kolberg,140 Y. Lu,140 M. Marionneau,140 A. C. Mignerey,140 K. Pedro,140 A. Skuja,140 J. Temple,140

M. B. Tonjes,140 S. C. Tonwar,140 A. Apyan,141 R. Barbieri,141 G. Bauer,141 W. Busza,141 I. A. Cali,141 M. Chan,141

L. Di Matteo,141 V. Dutta,141 G. Gomez Ceballos,141 M. Goncharov,141 D. Gulhan,141 M. Klute,141 Y. S. Lai,141 Y.-J. Lee,141

A. Levin,141 P. D. Luckey,141 T. Ma,141 C. Paus,141 D. Ralph,141 C. Roland,141 G. Roland,141 G. S. F. Stephans,141 F. Stöckli,141

K. Sumorok,141 D. Velicanu,141 J. Veverka,141 B. Wyslouch,141 M. Yang,141 A. S. Yoon,141 M. Zanetti,141 V. Zhukova,141

B. Dahmes,142 A. De Benedetti,142 A. Gude,142 S. C. Kao,142 K. Klapoetke,142 Y. Kubota,142 J. Mans,142 N. Pastika,142

R. Rusack,142 A. Singovsky,142 N. Tambe,142 J. Turkewitz,142 J. G. Acosta,143 L. M. Cremaldi,143 R. Kroeger,143 S. Oliveros,143

L. Perera,143 R. Rahmat,143 D. A. Sanders,143 D. Summers,143 E. Avdeeva,144 K. Bloom,144 S. Bose,144 D. R. Claes,144

A. Dominguez,144 R. Gonzalez Suarez,144 J. Keller,144 D. Knowlton,144 I. Kravchenko,144 J. Lazo-Flores,144 S. Malik,144

F. Meier,144 G. R. Snow,144 J. Dolen,145 A. Godshalk,145 I. Iashvili,145 S. Jain,145 A. Kharchilava,145 A. Kumar,145

S. Rappoccio,145 G. Alverson,146 E. Barberis,146 D. Baumgartel,146 M. Chasco,146 J. Haley,146 A. Massironi,146 D. Nash,146

T. Orimoto,146 D. Trocino,146 D. Wood,146 J. Zhang,146 A. Anastassov,147 K. A. Hahn,147 A. Kubik,147 L. Lusito,147

N. Mucia,147 N. Odell,147 B. Pollack,147 A. Pozdnyakov,147 M. Schmitt,147 S. Stoynev,147 K. Sung,147 M. Velasco,147 S. Won,147

D. Berry,148 A. Brinkerhoff,148 K. M. Chan,148 A. Drozdetskiy,148 M. Hildreth,148 C. Jessop,148 D. J. Karmgard,148

N. Kellams,148 J. Kolb,148 K. Lannon,148 W. Luo,148 S. Lynch,148 N. Marinelli,148 D. M. Morse,148 T. Pearson,148 M. Planer,148

R. Ruchti,148 J. Slaunwhite,148 N. Valls,148 M. Wayne,148 M. Wolf,148 A. Woodard,148 L. Antonelli,149 B. Bylsma,149

L. S. Durkin,149 S. Flowers,149 C. Hill,149 R. Hughes,149 K. Kotov,149 T. Y. Ling,149 D. Puigh,149 M. Rodenburg,149 G. Smith,149

C. Vuosalo,149 B. L. Winer,149 H. Wolfe,149 H. W. Wulsin,149 E. Berry,150 P. Elmer,150 V. Halyo,150 P. Hebda,150 J. Hegeman,150

A. Hunt,150 P. Jindal,150 S. A. Koay,150 P. Lujan,150 D. Marlow,150 T. Medvedeva,150 M. Mooney,150 J. Olsen,150 P. Piroué,150

X. Quan,150 A. Raval,150 H. Saka,150 D. Stickland,150 C. Tully,150 J. S. Werner,150 S. C. Zenz,150 A. Zuranski,150

E. Brownson,151 A. Lopez,151 H. Mendez,151 J. E. Ramirez Vargas,151 E. Alagoz,152 D. Benedetti,152 G. Bolla,152

D. Bortoletto,152 M. De Mattia,152 A. Everett,152 Z. Hu,152 M. K. Jha,152 M. Jones,152 K. Jung,152 M. Kress,152 N. Leonardo,152

D. Lopes Pegna,152 V. Maroussov,152 P. Merkel,152 D. H. Miller,152 N. Neumeister,152 B. C. Radburn-Smith,152 I. Shipsey,152

D. Silvers,152 A. Svyatkovskiy,152 F. Wang,152 W. Xie,152 L. Xu,152 H. D. Yoo,152 J. Zablocki,152 Y. Zheng,152 N. Parashar,153

A. Adair,154 B. Akgun,154 K. M. Ecklund,154 F. J. M. Geurts,154 W. Li,154 B. Michlin,154 B. P. Padley,154 R. Redjimi,154

J. Roberts,154 J. Zabel,154 B. Betchart,155 A. Bodek,155 R. Covarelli,155 P. de Barbaro,155 R. Demina,155 Y. Eshaq,155

T. Ferbel,155 A. Garcia-Bellido,155 P. Goldenzweig,155 J. Han,155 A. Harel,155 D. C. Miner,155 G. Petrillo,155 D. Vishnevskiy,155

M. Zielinski,155 A. Bhatti,156 R. Ciesielski,156 L. Demortier,156 K. Goulianos,156 G. Lungu,156 S. Malik,156 C. Mesropian,156

S. Arora,157 A. Barker,157 J. P. Chou,157 C. Contreras-Campana,157 E. Contreras-Campana,157 D. Duggan,157 D. Ferencek,157

Y. Gershtein,157 R. Gray,157 E. Halkiadakis,157 D. Hidas,157 A. Lath,157 S. Panwalkar,157 M. Park,157 R. Patel,157 V. Rekovic,157

J. Robles,157 S. Salur,157 S. Schnetzer,157 C. Seitz,157 S. Somalwar,157 R. Stone,157 S. Thomas,157 P. Thomassen,157

M. Walker,157 K. Rose,158 S. Spanier,158 Z. C. Yang,158 A. York,158 O. Bouhali,159,hhh R. Eusebi,159 W. Flanagan,159

J. Gilmore,159 T. Kamon,159,iii V. Khotilovich,159 V. Krutelyov,159 R. Montalvo,159 I. Osipenkov,159 Y. Pakhotin,159

A. Perloff,159 J. Roe,159 A. Safonov,159 T. Sakuma,159 I. Suarez,159 A. Tatarinov,159 D. Toback,159 N. Akchurin,160

C. Cowden,160 J. Damgov,160 C. Dragoiu,160 P. R. Dudero,160 J. Faulkner,160 K. Kovitanggoon,160 S. Kunori,160 S. W. Lee,160

T. Libeiro,160 I. Volobouev,160 E. Appelt,161 A. G. Delannoy,161 S. Greene,161 A. Gurrola,161 W. Johns,161 C. Maguire,161

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B. Cox,162 B. Francis,162 J. Goodell,162 R. Hirosky,162 A. Ledovskoy,162 C. Lin,162 C. Neu,162 J. Wood,162 S. Gollapinni,163

R. Harr,163 P. E. Karchin,163 C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don,163 P. Lamichhane,163 D. A. Belknap,164 L. Borrello,164

D. Carlsmith,164 M. Cepeda,164 S. Dasu,164 S. Duric,164 E. Friis,164 M. Grothe,164 R. Hall-Wilton,164 M. Herndon,164

A. Hervé,164 P. Klabbers,164 J. Klukas,164 A. Lanaro,164 A. Levine,164 R. Loveless,164 A. Mohapatra,164 I. Ojalvo,164 T. Perry,164

G. A. Pierro,164 G. Polese,164 I. Ross,164 A. Sakharov,164 T. Sarangi,164 A. Savin,164 W. H. Smith,164 and N. Woods164

(CMS Collaboration)

1Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
2Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW, Wien, Austria

3National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Belarus
4Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
5Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium

6Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
7Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

8Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
9Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium

10Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
11Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

12aUniversidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
12bUniversidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil

13Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
14University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

15Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
16State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China

17Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
18Technical University of Split, Split, Croatia

19University of Split, Split, Croatia
20Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia

21University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
22Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

23Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
24National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia

25Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
26Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland

27Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
28DSM/IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

29Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
30Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France

31Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
32Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France

33Institute of High Energy Physics and Informatization, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
34RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany

35RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
36RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany

37Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
38University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

39Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
40Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece

41University of Athens, Athens, Greece
42University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece

43Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
44Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary

45University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
46National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India

47Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
48University of Delhi, Delhi, India

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49Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
50Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

51Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
52Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran

53University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
54aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

54bUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy
54cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy

55aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
55bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

56aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
56bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy

56cCSFNSM, Catania, Italy
57aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy

57bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
58INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

59aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
59bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy

60aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
60bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

61aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
61bUniversità di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy

61cUniversità della Basilicata (Potenza), Napoli, Italy
61dUniversità G. Marconi (Roma), Napoli, Italy

62aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
62bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy

62cUniversità di Trento (Trento), Padova, Italy
63aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

63bUniversità di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
64aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

64bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
65aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

65bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
65cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

66aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
66bUniversità di Roma, Roma, Italy

67aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
67bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy

67cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale (Novara), Torino, Italy
68aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

68bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
69Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea

70Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
71Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea

72Korea University, Seoul, Korea
73University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

74Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
75Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

76National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
77Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

78Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
79Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

80Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosı́, San Luis Potosı́, Mexico
81University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

82University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
83National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

84National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
85Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

86Laboratório de Instrumentação e Fı́sica Experimental de Partı́culas, Lisboa, Portugal

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87Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
88Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St. Petersburg), Russia

89Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
90Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia

91P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
92Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

93State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
94University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
95Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain

96Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
97Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

98Instituto de Fı́sica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC–Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
99CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland

100Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
101Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

102Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
103National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan

104National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
105Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

106Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
107Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey

108Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
109Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

110National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
111University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

112Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
113Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

114Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
115Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA

116The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
117Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

118Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
119University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
120University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

121University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
122University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

123University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
124California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

125Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
126University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

127Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
128Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA

129Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
130University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

131Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
132Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

133Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
134University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois USA

135The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
136Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

137The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
138Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

139Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
140University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

141Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
142University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

143University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
144University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA

145State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York USA

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146Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
147Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

148University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
149The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
150Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

151University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
152Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

153Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana, USA
154Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA

155University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
156The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA

157Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
158University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
159Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

160Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
161Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

162University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
163Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA

164University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

aVienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
bCERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
cInstitut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
dNational Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
eSkobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
fUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
gCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
hLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
iZewail City of Science and Technology, Zewail, Egypt
jSuez University, Suez, Egypt
kBritish University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
lCairo University, Cairo, Egypt
mFayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
nBritish University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
oUniversité de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
pJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
qBrandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
rThe University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
sInstitute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
tEötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
uKing Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
vUniversity of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
wUniversity of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
xIsfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
ySharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
zPlasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
aaLaboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell’INFN, Legnaro, Italy
bbUniversità degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
ccCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IN2P3, Paris, France
ddPurdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
eeUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
ffInstitute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
ggSt. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
hhFaculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
iiFacoltà Ingegneria, Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
jjScuola Normale e Sezione dell’INFN, Pisa, Italy
kkUniversity of Athens, Athens, Greece
llPaul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
mmInstitute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
nnDeceased

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S. CHATRCHYAN et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 024908 (2014)

ooAlbert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Bern, Switzerland
ppGaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
qqAdiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
rrCag University, Mersin, Turkey
ssMersin University, Mersin, Turkey
ttIzmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
uuOzyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
vvKafkas University, Kars, Turkey
wwIstanbul University, Faculty of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
xxMimar Sinan University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
yyKahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
zzRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
aaaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
bbbINFN Sezione di Perugia (a); Università di Perugia (b), Perugia, Italy
cccUtah Valley University, Orem, Utah, USA
dddUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
eeeArgonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
fffErzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
gggYildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
hhhTexas A & M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
iiiKyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

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