S F B B a b M c a A R A A A K B B H S S s A g s E h D ( A a a c i C a o i t c 0 c Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 62 (2018) 253–256 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE Entomologia A Journal on Insect Diversity and Evolution www.rbentomologia .com hort Communication irst host record of Epipompilus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from razil and discussion of prey carriage mechanism hrenno M. Trada,b, Rogerio Silvestrea,b,∗, Tiago H. Aukoa, Vinicius M. Lopeza, Eduardo F. dos Santosc Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Laboratório de Ecologia de Hymenoptera, Dourados, MS, Brazil Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduaç ão em Entomologia e Conservaç ão da Biodiversidade, Dourados, S, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil r t i c l e i n f o rticle history: eceived 15 June 2018 ccepted 20 August 2018 vailable online 3 September 2018 ssociate Editor: James Carpenter a b s t r a c t We register for first time the occurrence of Epipompilus tucumanus Evans, 1967 in Brazil, and record the spider Ariadna boliviana Simon, 1907 as its host. The observations were made in the National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The prey carriage mechanism is described for first time for this genus, and we provide a video showing this behavior. eywords: ehavior razilian Cerrado ost association egestriidae © 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). pider wasp The spider wasp genus Epipompilus Kohl, 1884 comprises 51 pecies, 17 of which occur in the Neotropical Region and 34 in the ustralian Region (Evans, 1953; Elliot, 2007). The biology of this enus is poorly known, and prey has been reported for only two pecies: E. insularis Kohl, 1884 (Pollard, 1982; Harris, 1987) and . platensis (Roig-Alsina and Barneche, 2017). Six spider families ave been reported up to now as Epipompilus host: Clubionidae, esidae, Heteropodidae, Salticidae, Sparassidae and Segestriidae Evans, 1972; Pollard, 1982; Harris, 1987; Shimizu, 1994; Roig- lsina and Barneche, 2017). Evans (1967) describes Epipompilus tucumanus from Tucuman nd Jujuy (Argentina) in Chacoan biogeographical province, and lso from San Esteban, Venezuela, at the Venezuelan biogeographi- al province. Evans (1976) added another locality from Buena Vista n Santa Cruz, Bolivia, at Rondonian biogeographical province. On March 28, 2016, around 11 AM, at the National Park of hapada dos Guimarães, MT, Brazil (−15.4069◦ −55.8239◦, 610m sl.) (Fig. 1), two of us (B.M.T. and V.M.L.) observed a female f E. tucumanus (Fig. 2) carrying a cursorial spider on a trail nside the Cerrado sensu stricto. According to Morrone (2014) his site is located in the Cerrado biogeographical province, Cha- oan sub-region, and Chacoan dominion. The climate of this ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail: rogeriosilvestre@ufgd.edu.br (R. Silvestre). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.08.003 085-5626/© 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editor reativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). region is classified by Köppen into Tropical with dry winter (Aw) (Alvares et al., 2013). The wasp was collected and deposited in the Hymenoptera collection of the Museu de Biodiversidade (MuBio), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (voucher number Hym-00191-P). The spider was determined by Dr. Antônio D. Brescovit, and deposited in the arach- nid’s collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo State, Brazil (voucher number IBSP-211845). We sent pictures of the specimen collected in Chapada dos Guimarães to Dr. Arturo Roig-Alsina for identification, and we compared it with the images of the holotype available at https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:31320. We agree that the specimen is a variation of E. tucumanus Evans (1967). It dif- fers from Evans’s description by the followings characters: 1- the ivory-white spot is present only on the scape (Fig. 3), Evans (1967) comments that such spots are present on the first three antennal segments; 2- the mesoscutum is wholly black, without ferruginous midline posteriorly (Fig. 4); 3- the whitish band on the posterior margin of the pronotum has no rufous border (Figs. 3 and 4); 4- the first gastral segment and the basal 2⁄3 of tergum II are ferrugi- nous, with the remainder black (Fig. 5); 5- the whitish markings on meso- and hindtibiae are reduced on the outer and the inner surface (Fig. 6); 6- the clypeus is 2.0× as wide as its median length (Fig. 7); 7- the middle interocular distance equals 0.51× width of the head (Fig. 7); 8- the lower interocular distance is equal to 0.9× of the upper one (Fig. 7); 9- unlike the holotype, our specimen has oval a Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.08.003 http://www.rbentomologia.com http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1016/j.rbe.2018.08.003&domain=pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ mailto:rogeriosilvestre@ufgd.edu.br https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:31320 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.08.003 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 254 B.M. Trad et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 62 (2018) 253–256 5 km Biogeographic provinces Cerrado province Chacoan province Rondônian province Venezuelan province N 400 Km Fig. 1. Collecting localities of Epipompilus tucumanus Evans, 1967 in South America, with biogeographic provinces (Morrone, 2014), including the type locality and Evans (1976) record. Highlighting the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park limits, with our collecting point (red star). Fig. 2. E. tucumanus ♀ lateral habitus. Fig. 3. E. tucumanus ♀ dorsal view of head and thorax. Fig. 4. E. tucumanus ♀ thorax in lateral view. B.M. Trad et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 62 (2018) 253–256 255 Fig. 5. E. tucumanus ♀ metasoma in dorsolateral view. Fig. 6. E. tucumanus ♀ hind tibia. w t s a a ( s n t A b ( Fig. 8. E. tucumanus ♀ front ventral view of head. Fig. 9. Ariadna boliviana dorsal view. (M1): simply grasp the host with their mandibles on any convenient Fig. 7. E. tucumanus ♀ frontal view of head. hite spots between the antennal lobes and eyes (Fig. 8). In view of hese differences possibly the specimen represents an undescribed pecies. The spider captured by E. tucumanus is an adult female of Ari- dna boliviana Simon, 1907 (Araneae: Segestriidae) (Figs. 9 and 10), nd this is the first prey record for E. tucumanus. The genus Ariadna Segestriidae) was recently registered as host of Epipompilus platen- is from Argentina (Roig-Alsina and Barneche, 2017). This spider is octurnal, sedentary and usually lives in silk tubes constructed in runk or rock holes (Capocasale, 1998; Grismado, 2008). Ariadna udouin, 1826 occurs on all continents except Antarctica, and A. oliviana is known from Brazil, Bolivia, Suriname and Paraguay Giroti, 2013). Fig. 10. Ariadna boliviana ventral view. Epipompilus tucumanus, as other spider wasps, uses the mandibles for prey carrying. The wasp drags the spider walk- ing sideways and sometimes backwards, mostly keeping it by the spinnerets, but also can hold the prey by the legs or chelicera to overcome obstacles in the leaf litter like twigs and stones (Videos 1 and 2). The prey carriage mechanism is similar in Dipogon Fox, 1897 (Pompilidae), in which prey carriage occurs backwards and side- ways, also the way these wasps hold their prey (Evans and Yoshimoto, 1962; Kurczewski et al., 2017). Evans (1962) classifies this behavior as a variation of Mandibular Mechanism type One part of the body and drag it backwards into a hole. Genise (1980) comments that this variant hardly is a transition between different 2 a de E k r f P i a t a k E t o d c ( e P E s V C A t D I t p n n A t hunting spiders. New Zeal J Zool 9, 37–39. Roig-Alsina, A., Barneche, J., 2017. The genus Epipompilus in Argentina (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Rev Soc Entomol 76 (3–4), 33–38. Shimizu, A., 1994. Phylogeny and classification of the family Pompilidae. Tokyo Metropolitan University Bulletin of Natural History 2, 1–142. 56 B.M. Trad et al. / Revista Brasileir inds of prey carriage mechanisms, and that carriage behavior is elated to the prey size and weight, proposing an exclusive variant or mandibular carriage mechanism type (Variant 5). The maternal behavior varies significantly in Epipompilus. ollard (1982) and Harris (1987) observed in New Zealand that E. nsularis oviposit on the spider’s body immediately after having par- lyzed it (the paralysis is very light and short); no transportation o a nest was observed. After laying the egg the wasp moves away nd the spider retakes its normal activities until the wasp larva ills it. Evans (1953) expressed the sequence of behavior stated for . insularis by the formula VPO (Venari = to hunt; Pungere = to sting he prey; Ovum parere = to lay the egg) or VO, and expressed the pinion that such ethological sequences represents primitive con- itions within Aculeata. In contrast, E. tucumanus showed a more omplex ethological sequence that should be described as VPTOC Venari; Pungere; Transferre = to carry the prey; Ovum parere; Claud- re = to close the cell); this last formula applies to every species of ompilidae that carries its host to a nest and enclosures it in a cell. vans (op. cit.) thought that VPTOC is the most primitive behavioral equence within Pompilidae, and that VPO could be derived from PTOC. onflict of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. cknowledgments We sincerely thanks Dr. Arturo Roig-Alsina for species iden- ification; Dr. Antônio D. Brescovit for spider identification, and r. Wojciech Pulawski for review the manuscript; the researchers sabelli L. T. de Jesus, Larissa T. da Silva and Vander Carbonari for heir field assistance; ICMBio’s staff from Parque Nacional da Cha- ada dos Guimarães, for the holding in the field. Collect license umber: ICMBio 51296-1. B.M.T. is supported by CAPES, process umber: PDSE 88881.131920/2016-01. ppendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in he online version, at doi:10.1016/j.rbe.2018.08.003. ntomologia 62 (2018) 253–256 References Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., Gonç alves, J.L.M., Sparovek, G., 2013. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol Z 22 (6), 711–728. Capocasale, R.M., 1998. Arañas del Uruguay, VIII. Contribución al conocimiento de Segestria ruficeps Guérin (Araneae, Segestriidae). Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 190, 1–12. Elliot, M.G., 2007. 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