F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                            45 
 

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JOURNAL 

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ISSN:2237-2202 

 

Available on line at Directory of Open Access Journals 

 
Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n.03, 45-58,  (2013)  

 

Journal of 

Hyperspectral 

Remote Sensing 

www.ufpe.br/jhrs 

MAPPING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING THE BASIN OF 

CÓRREGO RICO, SÃO PAULO 

 

Flavia Mazzer Rodrigues
1,4

, Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra
1
, Sergio Campos

2
, Kati 

White Migliaccio
3
 Carlos Tiago Amâncio Rodrigues

4
 

1
Universidade Estadual Paulista – Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias 

Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n  

14884-900 - Jaboticabal, SP. flamazzer@hotmail.com; 
2
Universidade Estadual Paulista – Faculdade de Ciências 

Agronômicas Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Fazenda Lageado Rua José Barbosa de Barros, nº 1780 

18.610-307 - Botucatu, SP. seca@fca.unesp.br; 
3
Universidade da Flórida - TREC - 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, 

FL 33031; 
4
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada 

Fazenda do Saco, s/n. Caixa Postal 063. Serra Talhada-PE. tiagoamancio@hotmail.com 

 
 

Abstract 

The landuse is usually an human phenomenon that occurs over the years, due to population 

increase. The territorial knowledge is needed, and is the first step for environmental planning to 

implement conservation practices on agricultural production system. This study aimed to develop 

thematic maps as: hydrography, soil, slope, land use, and subbasins to obtain the main geomorphic 

morphometric data (physical) of the Córrego Rico Watershed. The techniques of remote sensing 

and geographic information system were used to elaborate the maps and for calculating the 

geomorphological data, as area, altitude and length of the drainage net, which were submitted to 

multivariate statistics. The Córrego Rico Watershed has an area of 563 km
2
. The predominant 

slopes were 3-8%, with 55.3% of the total area; and the main use was sugar cane. The soils that 

predominate in the area are Oxisols towards the Mogi-Guaçú river mouth and Ultisols at the 

upstream of the basin. 
Keywords: soil, slope, land use. 

 

mailto:flamazzer@hotmail.com
mailto:seca@fca.unesp.br


 

46 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

1. Introduction 

The diagnosis of natural resources is an 

excellent tool in problem determination, which 

may assist in the rational planning at 

appropriate scales, all the space in question. 

An efficient way of representing this spatial 

information is the description of a graphical 

(maps), to assist in planning and 

environmental monitoring. The use of GIS 

(Geographic Information System) allows the 

generation of new databases by operation 

maps and integrates different types of 

information (ULLRICH AND VOLK, 2009; 

PISSARRA, et al., 2013; SOMMERLOT et 

al., 2013). 

The analysis of the use of the main soil 

units and the slope in an area subsidizes the 

development of an environmental planning, 

aimed at the implementation of conservation 

practices in the middle. The knowledge of the 

soil occurring in an area is important for the 

development of physical planning in the 

conservation assessment of agricultural 

potential (Rodrigues et al., 2011). 

Thus, this work has as main objectives 

to develop thematic maps as hydrography, soil, 

slope, soil use and occupation of Rico Creek 

Basin, targeting the environmental planning. 

 

2. Material and Methods 

The watershed of Córrego Rico is 

localized in region of northeast of São Paulo 

state and is consists of the municipalities 

Jaboticabal, Taquaritinga, Monte Alto, 

Guariba and Santa Ernestina (Figure 1), 

occupying an area of approximately 563 km2, 

with geographical position defined by 

coordinates UTM, 762.000 and 766.000m E, 

7.664.000 and 7.945.000m N, MC 51
o
W Gr. 

 



 

47 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

 

 

Figure 1: Localization of watershed of Córrego Rico, Jaboticabal – SP. 



 

 

48 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

The climate is classified as Aw 

(Köppen System), with average rainfall 

between 1,100 mm to 1,700 mm and annual 

average temperatures of the warmest month 

22°C and the coldest month is 18°C 

(CEPAGRI, 2013).  

The area lies in the province 

geomorphic V - Western Plateau of São Paulo 

state. In the higher elevations of the basin, the 

soils are predominantly Ultisols Red-Yellow 

whose geologic material consists of sandstones 

with calcareous cement, classified as Bauru 

Formation and in the lower levels, dominated 

by Red Oxisols originating from rocks effusive 

basic Serra Geral (SÃO PAULO, 1974).  

Soil units according to the 

classification of Embrapa (1999), Oxisols 

(distroférricos/distróficos, a moderate and 

prominent, clayey, undulated relief) and 

Ultisols (undulated relief, sandy texture/ 

medium and medium to moderately eutrophic 

and relief undulated and wavy abrupt sandy 

texture medium, a moderate and normal) that 

appear, respectively, in lower levels, 

intermediaries upper basin (POLITANO, 

1992).  

In this work were used letters 

planialtimetrics (Taiúva, Jaboticabal, Pirangi 

Taquaritinga, Pitangueiras and Guariba) 

scanned the IBGE (1971), horizontal datum 

Corrego Alegre, MG, and vertical datum tide 

gauge Imbituba, SC. Projection Universal 

Transverse Mercator - UTM, originated in 

Ecuador and mileage Meridian 51 W Gr plus 

the constant 10.000km and 500km 

respectively. It is equidistance of 20 meters. 

The satellite images of 2010 were 

obtained from the Indian Remote Sensing 

Programmer (IRS) Resourcesat - 1 , Linear 

System Self - Scanning System III - LISS III, 

the enhanced version of the sensor aboard IRS 

1 - D with four spectral bands (Red, Green, 

Near Infrared and Short Wave Infrared), all 

with 23.5 meter resolution, swath of 141 km. 

The sensors on board the satellite to provide 

data related to the wide application and the 

characterization of vegetation and crop plant 

species. 

The digital terrain model (Digital 

Elevation Model, DEM) was obtained for the 

watershed in program of the EMBRAPA, 

produced by NASA, NIMA (National Imagery 

and Mapping Agency), DOD (United States ' 

Department of Defense) and the Spatial 

Agencies Germany and Italy, and then refined 

by excellent Embrapa Relief Project (Miranda 

et al . , 2011). 

We used as the basis for processing and 

storing data and a microcomputer aimed to 

choose the most appropriate software for each 

step of the work. Were used: ArcGIS 10, 

ArcMap version 10 ( ESRI ArcGIS ® 10 ) and 

ArcSWAT 2009 (Soil and Water Assessment 

Tool). 

The methodology used in this study 

consisted in the application of GIS resources, 

the organization of georeferenced databases of 

Corrego Rico Watershed in digital image 



 

49 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

processing for environmental analysis and 

preparation of thematic maps that depict the 

results. At the base of the digital model (DEM) 

obtained by Embrapa Relief Project (Miranda 

et al., 2011) was generated automatically in 

geographic information system ArcGIS 10, the 

drainage network of Corrego Rico Watershed. 

The slope map was generated from the 

digital terrain model (Digital Elevation Model, 

DEM) obtained for the watershed in 

geographic information system ArcGIS 10. 

The definitions of each class of slope followed 

the precepts of the work performed at 

EMBRAPA (1999). 

Visual analysis of the images was 

based on the existing relations between the 

elements of the images and the physiognomic 

characteristics of plant communities and 

targets, identifying the faces in the field and in 

the satellite image. The database was 

georeferenced mapping in the IBGE (1971), 

horizontal datum Corrego Alegre. 

The main occurrences of soils were prepared 

in accordance with the Pedological Map of the 

State of São Paulo (Oliveira et al., 1999). The 

procedure vectorization limit of each soil was 

carried out in the program is a geographic 

information system ArcView, ArcGIS 10. 

The digital classification of satellite images for 

the making of Use Map and Land Use 

involved the use of methods by which pixels 

are associated with use classes and soil cover, 

was performed by supervised Maximum 

Likelihood Gaussian. This classifier uses the 

spectral information of each pixel to define 

homogeneous regions and is based on 

statistical methods (PONZONI and 

CHIMABUKURU, 2007). The thematic maps 

were updated to SIRGAS Datum 2000, UTM 

projection, zone 22S. 

 

3. Results and discussion 

The study of hydrography is essential 

for the identification of components involved 

in natural and anthropogenic hydraulic flow. It 

appears a total area of 563.13 km², with 

elevations of 754 meters along the Serra do 

Jabuticabal with drainage network more 

branched and altitude of 498 meters in the 

pipeline exit of Rio Mogi (Figure 2). 

The main stream is called Corrego Rico 

and follows the eastward flowing into the 

western basin of the Middle Mogi. Comprises 

the downstream, its right bank, the catchments 

of the source of Corrego Rico (12.21 km²) 

watershed of the stream of Fazenda Gloria (20 

km²), Córrego do Rumo (39 km ²), Corrego do 

Vivã (12, 5 km2), Córrego do Carretão (22.4 

km2), Córrego do Coco (72.5 km2), Córrego 

do Fundo (32.6 km2) and Córrego do Gordura 

(13.2 km2). On the right bank, one observes 

that the Córrego do Gambá (27.7 km2), 

Córrego do Tijuco (39 km2), Córrego das 

Éguas (10 km
2
) and Córrego do Jabuticabal 

(74 km
2 

) ( PISSARRA et al . 2009). 

 



 

50 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

 

 

Figure 2: Hydrology of watershed of Córrego Rico, São Paulo. 

The drainage network of the source of 

Corrego Rico, Córrego do Gambá and Córrego 

do Tijuco born in the municipality of Monte 

Alto, in the hills of Jabuticabal, at altitudes of 

740 meters. The streams in Jabuticabal have 

altitude of 670 meters. 

The Corrego Rico is a tributary of 6th 

order (Pissarra, 2002) of basin of the Upper 

Paraná River located in the northern state of 

São Paulo. It crosses five counties and covers 

approximately 60 km to find the Rio Mogi 

Guaçu. Still in its upper course the Corrego 

Rico receives the discharge of treated sewage 

from the town of Monte Alto (45000 

inhabitants). In its medium-haul supplies part 

of the city of Jaboticabal (70 000 inhabitants) 

and receives treated sewage effluent, justifying 

the importance of studies in this area. 

The hydrographic network in 

Jaboticabal is a plateau that distributes water 

that drains Mogi Guacu River. 

In Soil Map (Figure 3) we note that the area of 

the Corrego Rico presents: Two associations 

Argissolos Red-Yellow.

 

 



 

F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

 

Figure 3: Soils unit of Córrego Rico basin, São Paulo state. 

Knowledge of soil-landscape 

relationships is essential for monitoring and 

conservation planning environment. 

Noting jointly hydrography and soils, it is 

clear that drainage density, the frequency of 

rivers varied depending on the soil units. As 

relief undergoes evolution of strong corrugated 

cardboard for the average values of these 

morphometric characteristics increased, 

reflecting greater difficulty in this environment 

morphological infiltration and better condition 

for intense surface runoff, causing higher 

water sculpturing of the land, as observations 

of Campos et al. (1993); Pissarra (1998) and 

Silva (1999). The higher the average density 

frequency and rivers were draining, the 

stronger the erosion process, which indicates 

the expected morphological change under 

conditions of low surface resistance and is a 

parameter which aids in identifying the correct 

use of land in basins basin (Rocha, 1991). 

In limit of the municipality of Monte 

Alto, there is more intense erosion, deep ruts 

and gullies. In field work, was detected and 

defined as the most critical area of the Basin 

Corrego Rico since there is lots of growth due 

to the expansion of the city and to be inserted 

in the drive Ultisol. In the municipality of 

Taquaritinga are predominant Argissolos and 

Guariba Oxisols. 

The average altitude of Corrego Rico 

watershed is approximately 650 meters. The 

slope is a feature that infers the movement of 

soil particles, and therefore the intensity of the 

erosion process. 

In the area of basin of Corrego Rico 

predominant class of gentle relief wavy 

surface topography busy little set consists of 

hills or hills (elevations relative height up to 



 

52 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

50 meters and 50-100 meters), with gentle 

slopes, ranging 3 to 8 % (Figure 4). By 

analyzing the Soil Map it turns undulated 

relief predominantly in the areas of Oxisols 

and Ultisols in rougher. 

According Caldas (2007) the digital 

elevation model generated contributed to the 

delineation of the watershed, setting drainage, 

preparing the slope map and delineation of soil 

mapping units. 

Importantly areas upstream watershed 

erosion is more intense, mainly due to the 

physical characteristics of the soil, with frank 

and accelerated process of dissecting therefore 

contributes to high load of debris to siltation of 

rivers. Thus, it is necessary the restoration of 

areas along the headwaters and drainage 

channels with natural plant species in the 

region. 

Studies Feltran Son and Lima (2007) 

on the slope of the river basin Uberabinha in 

Minas Gerais, Table (2006) in Argentina 

showed similar results, confirming that, as the 

morphology of the land is becoming busier 

and more embedded channels, the number of 

channels increases proportionally and the 

erosion is most intensive. 

Cardoso et al. (2006); Feltran Filho and 

Lima (2007) and Dinesh (2008) reported that 

the slope influences the relationship between 

rainfall and runoff in the basin due mainly to 

the higher speed of runoff rainwater. Thus, the 

values denote channel density rich with water 

generators springs upstream point of 

maximum slope and thus the area of 

application required better conservation 

practices. 

Practices to contain the erosion process 

are necessary, especially in areas of high soil 

sealing, due to the development of 

urbanization of the municipality of Monte 

Alto, underscoring RODRIGUES et al. (2011), 

in the area of Taquaritinga is predominant 

agricultural use. 

Visual analysis of satellite images was 

based on the existing relations between the 

elements of images and physiognomic 

characteristics of plant communities and 

targets, identifying the faces in the field and in 

the satellite image. 

According to Italian et al. (2003), the 

main factors impacting on Watershed Corrego 

Rico to the environment are the monoculture 

of sugar cane, clearing of permanent 

preservation areas, discharge of sewage and 

industrial animal to open and untreated, 

erosion, burial of springs and siltation of rivers 

and water bodies . Some studies with different 

approaches were conducted in Watershed 

Corego Rico (PISSARRA et al. 2004). 

According Donadio et al. (2005) in the 

Municipality of Taquaritinga, east with 

remaining natural vegetation is inserted in a 

forest fragment with an approximate area of 8 

hectares, being the permanent preservation 

area greater than 50 meters provided to the 

Forest and the surrounding natural vegetation 

remaining there is an area of 200 meters of 

grassland formed then cane sugar. In the 

municipality of Guariba the forest fragment 



 

53 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

where it is located to the east with remaining 

natural vegetation has approximately 5 acres, 

also with the natural vegetation strip within the 

required legislation and forest, around, the 

dominant culture is the cane sugar. In springs 

with a predominance of agriculture, sugar cane 

is the main crop, and Taquaritinga, the cane is 

approximately 10 meters from the source, and 

Guariba 20 meters. In both areas, the sugar 

cane is the predominant vegetation cover for 

over 10 years. 

Using as a tool the geographic 

information system, was held in Hydrologic 

Modeling SWAT - Soil and Water Assessment 

Tool several scenarios with different types of 

management and conservation practices. We 

identified five scenarios with management 

systems for the culture of cane sugar, cane 

area: bare soil after burning and harvesting of 

cane sugar; Cana in early stages of emergence 

and tillering; Cana mature growth culms; Cana 

to reap; mechanized harvest (straw), and were 

also identified 4 more scenarios with other 

uses: Forest, Grassland, water bodies; urban 

and other uses (Figure 5). 

To date mapping of the satellite image 

was observed that occurs in approximately 

67% of the area using the culture of sugar 

cane. 

The Other Uses can be defined as areas 

with permanent crops, forestry, field dirty and 

associations. Checking the results, in 

conjunction with field work can be concluded 

that stand out the facts impacting the 

environment : most of the area used with the 

monoculture of sugar cane, strong felling of 

permanent preservation areas and in some 

areas there is the release of industrial sewage 

and animals in the outdoors and untreated, 

intense erosion, especially in areas of stream 

Possum, (municipality of Monte Alto) 

aggravated by human action , burial of springs 

and siltation of rivers and bodies water, 

causing contamination of water sources, and 

observation of gullies, expanding laterally. In 

this case, the material from the sidewalls is 

adduced with sewage released, silting and 

polluting surface waters. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

54 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

   

 

Figure 4: Slope of the Basin of Córrego Rico, São Paulo state. 

 

 

Figure 5: Use and ocupation of soil in watershed of Córrego Rico, São Paulo State. 

 



 

 

55 
F. M. Rodrigues et al./ Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing v.03, n. 03 (2013) 45-58                                             

According to Costa et al. (2012) 

mapping of the use and occupation of the areas 

of the municipality, together with studies of 

slope and soil bearing capacity can assist in the 

study and planning of areas of erosion risk. 

From the use of satellite imagery and geo-

referencing is possible to prevent the 

establishment of large erosive processes that 

generate risk of death or economic loss to the 

local population. 

Recommended to continue the 

monitoring process and continue the corrective 

actions in priority areas, such as the 

implementation of reforestation projects 

mainly in headwater areas and environmental 

education, being involved at this stage farmers, 

mills cane sugar and the population in 

Jaboticabal, in order to minimize their 

negative contribution to the local community, 

the waters of the stream Rico and in turn, the 

Rio Mogi Guacu. 

 

4. Conclusion 

The watershed of Córrego Rico 

presents an area of 563 km
2
. We identified 

three soil units. The predominant slopes are 

between 3 and 8%, undulated relief. The land 

use is mainly agricultural highlighting the 

culture of cane sugar and cane these areas with 

early-stage emergency is approximately 26%. 

 

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