RESSALVA 

Atendendo solicitação do(a)  
autor(a), o texto completo desta 
dissertação será disponibilizado 
somente a partir de 25/04/2025. 



UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA  

FACULDADE DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA E ZOOTECNIA  

CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU 

 

 

 

 

 

 

POTENCIAL ANTIBACTERIANO DOS ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Melaleuca alternifolia, 

Mentha piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis EM ISOLADOS DE Staphylococcus 

pseudintermedius  

 

 

 

 

JÚLIA MEIRA 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Botucatu - SP 

Abril de 2023 



 

 

11 

 

UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA  

FACULDADE DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA E ZOOTECNIA 

CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU 

 

 

 

POTENCIAL ANTIBACTERIANO DOS ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Melaleuca alternifolia, 

Mentha piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis EM ISOLADOS DE Staphylococcus 

pseudintermedius  

 

 

 

JÚLIA MEIRA 

 

 

 

Dissertação apresentada junto ao Programa 

de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária 

para obtenção do título de Mestre. 

 

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz Henrique de 

Araújo Machado 

Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Adriano Sakai 

Okamoto 

 

 

 



 

 

12 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

13 

 

Nome da Autora: Júlia Meira 

Título: POTENCIAL ANTIBACTERIANO DOS ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE Melaleuca 

alternifolia, Mentha piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis EM ISOLADOS DE Staphylococcus 

pseudintermedius 

 

 

COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA 

 

 

____________________________________ 

Prof. Dr. Luiz Henrique de Araújo Machado 

Orientador 

Departamento de Clínica Veterinária 

FMVZ – UNESP – Botucatu 

 

____________________________________ 

Dra. Ana Flávia Marques Pereira 

Membro 

Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas 

IBB – UNESP – Botucatu 

 

____________________________________ 

Profa. Dra. Marcy Lancia Pereira 

Membro 

Departamento de Biociências e Saúde Única 

UFSC – Curitibanos 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Data da Defesa: 25 de abril de 2023. 



 

 

14 

 

AGRADECIMENTOS 

 

 Agradeço primeiramente aos meus pais, Marcos e Mércia, que sempre me ajudaram e 

sempre me ensinaram a seguir os meus sonhos.  

 Ao meu orientador Henrique por toda ajuda e ensinamentos compartilhados. Ao meu 

coorientador Adriano por tornar essa dissertação possível, tanto no aspecto técnico como 

laboratorial. 

 Aos profissionais do Instituto de Biociências (IBB) - Botucatu/SP, Professor Ary, Ana 

Flávia e Tatiane por todo auxílio e conhecimentos transmitidos. 

 Aos meus colegas de laboratório Gabriele e Guilherme que me auxiliaram na realização 

dos ensaios para a minha dissertação.   

 Ao Rafael e Renee que desde o início do meu mestrado sempre me apoiaram e foram 

essenciais para a conclusão da minha dissertação.  

 Aos amigos que conquistei em Botucatu, Antoniel, Felipe e Guilherme Pupulim, que 

foram importantes para minha evolução pessoal e profissional. 

 Aos meus amigos de longa data que se fizeram presentes mesmo com a distância e 

mudança de rotina, Gui Back, Dudis e Cinthia.  

 Às minhas colegas de pós-graduação, Victória, Danielle, Juliana e Thaline pelo 

crescimento da nossa amizade.   

 Aos meus amores de quatro patas Hórus, Mabel e Lancel. 

 Ao meu companheiro Lucas, por todo apoio e parceria. Sou eternamente grata por você 

ser o amor da minha vida.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

15 

 

LISTA DE TABELAS 

CAPÍTULO II 

Table 1. Density and major compounds obtained according to the analysis certificate by the 

company By Samia® Aromatherapy. 

Table 2. In vitro microbial susceptibility profile performed by disc diffusion technique of 

methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible S. 

pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates. 

Table 3. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) in μg/mL of the essential oils from 

M.alternifolia, R.officinalis, M.piperita and the antibiotics Amoxicillin + Potassium 

Clavulanate and Cephalexin. 

Table 4. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in μg/mL of the essential oils from M. 

alternifolia, R. officinalis, M. piperita and the antibiotics Amoxicillin + Potassium Clavulanate 

and Cephalexin. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

16 

 

LISTA DE FIGURAS 

CAPÍTULO II 

Figure 1: Microtiter plate used in the broth microdilution assay against MSSP isolate 

demonstrating the MIC value M. piperita EO (5333 μg/mL) after adding resazurin (0.01%). 

Purple wells indicate concentrations without bacterial growth, and pink wells with bacterial 

growth. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

17 

 

LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS 

 

BHA  Brain Heart Infusion Ágar  

BHI  Brain Heart Infusion  

CBM  Concentração Bactericida Mínima 

CEUA  Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais 

CIM  Concentração Inibitória Mínima 

CL   Clavulanato 

MDR  Multidrug-resistant  

MHC  Mueller Hinton Caldo 

MRS  Staphylococcus resistente à meticilina 

MRSP  Staphylococcus pseudintermedius resistente à meticilina 

MSSP  Staphylococcus pseudintermedius suscetível à meticilina 

OE  Óleo Essencial 

OEs  Óleos Essenciais 

PBP2a  Proteína de ligação da penicilina 

PCR  Polimerase Chain Reaction 

SCC  Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome 

SIG  Staphylococcus Intermedius Group 

TTO  Tea Tree Oil 

 

 

 

 



 

 

18 

 

LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS 

 

%  Porcentagem 

ºC  Graus Celsius 

H  Hora 

mg  Miligrama 

min  Minuto 

ml  Mililitro 

µg  Micrograma 

µl  Microlitro 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

19 

 

SUMÁRIO 

 

RESUMO ............................................................................................................................................. 20 

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... 21 

CAPÍTULO I ....................................................................................................................................... 22 

1. INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................... 23 

2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA .................................................................................................. 24 

2.1. Piodermite canina ................................................................................................................ 24 

2.2. Staphylococcus spp. .............................................................................................................. 25 

2.2.1. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ................................................................................. 25 

2.2.2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP) ............................ 26 

2.3. Óleos essenciais .................................................................................................................... 27 

2.3.1. Melaleuca alternifolia - Tea Tree Oil (TTO) .............................................................. 30 

2.3.2. Mentha piperita – Hortelã-pimenta ............................................................................. 30 

2.3.3. Rosmarinus officinalis - Alecrim .................................................................................. 31 

3. OBJETIVO .................................................................................................................................. 32 

3.1. Objetivo geral ...................................................................................................................... 32 

3.2. Objetivos específicos ........................................................................................................... 32 

CAPÍTULO II – Artigo Científico ..................................................................................................... 33 

CAPÍTULO III .................................................................................................................................... 47 

Discussão geral .................................................................................................................................... 48 

Conclusões finais ................................................................................................................................. 50 

REFERÊNCIAS .................................................................................................................................. 51 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

20 

 

MEIRA, J. Potencial antibacteriano dos óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha 

piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis em isolados de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Botucatu, 

2023. 51p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus 

de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). 

 

RESUMO 

A bactéria Staphylococcus pseudintermedius é um agente oportunista relacionado à piodermite 

canina e está presente em folículos pilosos. Além disso, é considerada a principal causa da uso 

de antibióticos em pequenos animais. O isolamento de S. pseudintermedius resistente à 

meticilina (MRSP) vêm sendo relatado frequentemente na rotina clínica veterinária de 

pequenos animais e o uso de óleos essenciais (OEs) tornou-se uma alternativa terapêutica. O 

objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se óleos essenciais possuem efeito antibacteriano sobre 

isolados de S. pseudintermedius resistente e suscetível à meticilina, originados de animais com 

piodermite canina. Foi utilizada a técnica de microdiluição seriada para obter a concentração 

inibitória mínima (MIC). Diferentes concentrações foram utilizadas (31.25 to 64000 μg/mL). 

Os valores de MIC dos OEs de Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis 

sobre o isolado MRSP foram 10667 μg/mL, 32000 μg/mL e 42666 μg/mL, respectivamente. 

Dentre os OEs, o de M. piperita mostrou o menor valor de MIC (5333 μg/mL) e o OE de M. 

alternifolia o maior valor de MIC (37333 μg/mL) sobre o isolado MSSP. Os OEs apresentaram 

atividade antibacteriana in vitro e podem ser considerados como alternativas terapêuticas, 

porém devem ser realizados mais estudos em condições in vitro e in vivo. 

 

Palavras-chave: MRSP, piodermite canina, resistência bacteriana, tea tree oil, terpenos 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

21 

 

MEIRA, J. Antibacterial potential of essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha 

piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates. Botucatu, 

2023. 51p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus 

de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). 

 

ABSTRACT 

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main opportunistic agent related to canine pyoderma, 

composing the natural microbiota of hair follicles. It is considered the main cause of the use of 

antibiotics in small animals. Reports of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has 

become frequent in veterinary clinical routine of small animals. Essential oils (EOs) has been 

studied and become a therapeutic alternative. The in vitro antibacterial activity of EOs against 

MRSP isolates and methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was evaluated. Assays 

were performed using the broth microdilution assay aiming for minimum inhibitory 

concentrations (MIC). Different concentrations of the essential oils were placed (31.25 to 64000 

μg/mL). The MIC values of the EOs from Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and 

Rosmarinus officinalis against MRSP isolate were 10667 μg/mL, 32000 μg/mL, and 42666 

μg/mL, respectively. Among the oils, M. piperita EO showed the lowest MIC value (5333 

μg/mL) and EO from M. alternifolia showed the highest MIC value (37333 μg/mL) against 

MSSP. Therefore, the antibacterial effectiveness of the EOs can be considered for further 

therapeutic use. However, more studies must be conducted in vitro and in vivo condition. 

Keywords: MRSP, canine pyoderma, bacterial resistance, tea tree oil, terpenes 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

35 

 

Antibacterial potential of essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha 

piperita e Rosmarinus officinalis against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 

isolates 

 

ABSTRACT 

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main opportunistic agent related to canine pyoderma, 

composing the natural microbiota of hair follicles. Reports of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius 

(MRSP) has become frequent in veterinary clinical routine of small animals. Essential oils (EOs) has 

been studied and become a therapeutic alternative. The in vitro antibacterial activity of EOs against 

MRSP isolates and methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was evaluated. The values of 

the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the EOs from Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita 

and Rosmarinus officinalis against MRSP isolate were 10667 μg/mL, 32000 μg/mL, and 42666 μg/mL, 

respectively. Among the oils, M. piperita EO showed the lowest MIC value (5333 μg/mL) and EO from 

M. alternifolia showed the highest MIC value (37333 μg/mL) against MSSP. Therefore, the antibacterial 

effectiveness of the EOs can be considered for further therapeutic use. However, more studies must be 

conducted in vitro and in vivo condition. 

Keywords: MRSP, canine pyoderma, bacterial resistance, tea tree oil, terpenes 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

45 

 

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46 

 

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50 

 

Conclusões finais 

 

 Ainda são escassos os estudos avaliando a eficácia antibacteriana de OEs sobre isolados 

de S. pseudointermedius. Nesse estudo observamos que os valores obtidos de MIC e MBC de-

monstram que os óleos essenciais possuem efeito antibacteriano sobre os isolados, porém há a 

necessidade de estudos que comprovem os seus efeitos em condições in vivo. Concluiu-se que 

os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia, M. piperita e R. officinalis possuem atividade antibacte-

riana sobre os isolados MRSP e MSSP e podem ser fontes promissoras de terapias alternativas 

ou complementares no tratamento da piodermite canina. Contudo, são necessários mais estudos 

in vitro e in vivo avaliando diferentes concentrações, tipos e compostos de OEs além da possível 

sinergia entre produtos naturais e antimicrobianos converncionais. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

51 

 

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