Controle biológico com Trichoderma spp. e Bacillus spp. para o tratamento de sementes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merril.] - Triboni, Yago de Barros [UNESP] (Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2021)
O tratamento de sementes de soja com métodos alternativos que reduzam a aplicação excessiva de agrotóxicos nas lavouras tem sido utilizado. O uso de Trichoderma harzianum e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens como agentes antagônicos têm proporcionado excelentes resultados no combate de diversas doenças em diferentes culturas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes de soja com agentes de biocontrole sobre a incidência de Macrophomina phaseolina e o potencial fisiológico das sementes tratadas. Foram estudados os efeitos de três dosagens diferentes dos bioprotetores (dose de bula; ½ dose; dobro da dose), polímero Biocroma® vermelho e um fungicida químico (Thiram®). Com base nos resultados obtidos observou-se ganhos no crescimento das partes aéreas e raízes primarias de plântulas de soja quando tratadas com Trichoderma harzianum e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. O tratamento contendo dose recomendada de Trichoderma harzianum apresentou vantagem competitiva superior quando confrontado diretamente in vitro com a Macrophomina phaseolina e quando as sementes foram semeadas em solo contaminado artificialmente com o fitopatógeno; e proporcionou o desempenho superior do vigor das sementes tratadas.

The soybean seed treatment with alternative methods aiming at the reduction of excessive agrochemical application in crop fields has been used. The use of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as antagonistic agents has presented excellent results against several diseases in different crops. Based on the above considerations, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of soybean seed treatment with biocontrol agents on the incidence of Macrophomina phaseolina and the physiological potential of the treated seeds. Three dosages of the bioprotectors were studied: recommended dosage; ½ dosage; and double dosage, as well as red Biocroma® polymer and a chemical fungicide (Thiram®) used as negative and positive controls. Based on the results, gains were observed in both aerial and primary root growths of soybean seedlings when treated with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The treatment consisting of recommended dosage of Trichoderma harzianum showed superior performance when compared with the directly in vitro Macrophomina phaseolina assay and when seeds were sowed in artificially contaminated soil with the phytopathogen, promoting also superior performance of treated seeds regarding vigor.
Biological control with Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. for the treatment of soybean seeds [Glycine max (L.) Merril.]
Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Controle biológico; Tratamento de sementes; Biological control; Seed treatment; Glycine max (L.) Merrill