Souza, Pedro P. C. [UNESP]Lerner, Ulf H.2014-05-272014-05-272013-09-12Immunological Investigations, v. 42, n. 7, p. 555-622, 2013.0882-01391532-4311http://hdl.handle.net/11449/76551Chronic inflammatory processes close to bone often lead to loss of bone in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, loosened joint prosthesis and tooth implants. This is mainly due to local formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts which degrade bone without any subsequent coupling to new bone formation. Crucial for osteoclastogenesis is stimulation of mononuclear osteoclast progenitors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) which induces their differentiation along the osteoclastic lineage and the fusion to mature, multinucleated osteoclasts. M-CSF and RANKL are produced by osteoblasts/ osteocytes and by synovial and periodontal fibroblasts and the expression is regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines also regulate osteoclastic differentiation by direct effects on the progenitor cells. In the present overview, we introduce the basic concepts of osteoclast progenitor cell differentiation and summarize the current knowledge on cytokines stimulating and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by direct and indirect mechanisms. © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.555-622engBone lossCytokinesInflammationOsteoclastscardiotrophin 1CD11b antigencolony stimulating factor 1cytokineinterferoninterleukin 1interleukin 10interleukin 11interleukin 12interleukin 13interleukin 15interleukin 17interleukin 18interleukin 20interleukin 21interleukin 23interleukin 27interleukin 32interleukin 33interleukin 34interleukin 4interleukin 6interleukin 7interleukin 8leukemia inhibitory factoroncostatin Mosteoclast differentiation factorsphingosine 1 phosphatesphingosine kinase 1tumor necrosis factor alphaunclassified drugalveolar bonebone remodelingcell differentiationcytokine responsefibroblasthumanimmunostimulationinflammatory diseasenonhumanosteoblastosteoclastosteoclastogenesisosteocyteosteolysisosteosclerosisperiodontal diseaseperiodontitispriority journalprotein expressionprotein functionrheumatoid arthritissignal transductionstem celltooth pulpArtigo10.3109/08820139.2013.822766WOS:000324268300006Acesso restrito2-s2.0-84883565582