Fiorillo, Bruno Ferreto [UNESP]Sarria-Perea, Javier Adolfo [UNESP]Abril, Vanessa Veltrini [UNESP]Duarte, José Maurício Barbanti [UNESP]2014-05-272014-05-272013-05-27Comparative Cytogenetics, v. 7, n. 1, p. 25-31, 2013.1993-07711993-078Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/75441The Amazonian brown brocket Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) is a small to medium-sized deer from the Amazon rainforest and ecotones. The first karyotype described was 2n=67 to 69 + 2-7 B and FN= 69-72, in which all chromosomes were acrocentric and the X chromosome was the only submetacentric chromosome. However, important aspects of the species chromosome evolution were not resolved because of the lack of information on chromosome banding. The G-banding pattern of M. nemorivaga karyotype showedthe presence of an XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system as a product of an X-autosome tandem fusion, which results in a basic 2n=68, FN=70 in females and 2n= 69, FN=70 in males. The fact that this karyotype only differs from that of Capreolus capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771; 2n=70, FN=72+B) by X-autosome tandem fusion may corroborate the basal condition of M. nemorivaga and its proximity to the ancestral karyotype of the American Odocoileini. A derived karyotype 2n=67, XY1Y2, FN=70 + 3B from the Brazilianstate of Mato Grosso (the western Amazon) may be evidence of differentiation between western and eastern populations. © Bruno Ferreto Fiorillo et al.25-31engB chromosomesCentric fusionChromosome bandingMultiple sex chromosome systemArtigo10.3897/CompCytogen.v7i1.4314WOS:000318385900003Acesso aberto2-s2.0-848779448542-s2.0-84877944854.pdf