De Melo, Wanessa C.M.A.Avci, PinarDe Oliveira, Milene NóbregaGupta, AsheeshVecchio, DanielaSadasivam, MageshChandran, RakkiyappanHuang, Ying-YingYin, RuiPerussi, Livia R. [UNESP]Tegos, George P.Perussi, Janice R.Dai, TianhongHamblin, Michael R.2014-05-272014-05-272013-07-01Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, v. 11, n. 7, p. 669-693, 2013.1478-72101744-8336http://hdl.handle.net/11449/75829Microbial biofilms are responsible for a variety of microbial infections in different parts of the body, such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, gingivitis, caries, periodontitis, orthopedic implants, and so on. The microbial biofilm cells have properties and gene expression patterns distinct from planktonic cells, including phenotypic variations in enzymic activity, cell wall composition and surface structure, which increase the resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments. There is consequently an urgent need for new approaches to attack biofilm-associated microorganisms, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising candidate. aPDT involves the combination of a nontoxic dye and low-intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that many biofilms are susceptible to aPDT, particularly in dental disease. This review will focus on aspects of aPDT that are designed to increase efficiency against biofilms modalities to enhance penetration of photosensitizer into biofilm, and a combination of aPDT with biofilm-disrupting agents. © 2013 Informa UK Ltd.669-693engantimicrobial photodynamic therapybiofilmdental infectionextracellular polysaccharidemicrobial resistancemultidrug efflux pumppersister cellsphotosensitizersazithromycinchloramphenicolnanoparticleantibacterial activityantibiotic resistanceantifungal activitybacterial genebacterial viabilitybacterium adherenceCandida albicanscell adhesioncell functioncomplex formationconfocal laser microscopydrug delivery systemenvironmental stressextracellular matrixhumaninterspecific competitionintraspecific competitionmethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectionmicrobial activitymicrobial communitynanopharmaceuticsnonhumanphotodynamic therapyphotosensitizationProteus mirabilisPseudomonas aeruginosareviewsignal transductionspecies differenceStaphylococcus epidermidisstructure analysisResenha10.1586/14787210.2013.811861WOS:000323228200006Acesso restrito2-s2.0-84880910975