Artigos - Proteção Vegetal - FCA

URI Permanente para esta coleção

https://hdl.handle.net/11449/6054

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 649

Performance and preference of Bemisia tabaci on tomato severe rugose virus infected tomato plants
(2023-07-01) Bello, Vinicius Henrique [UNESP]; Nogueira, Angélica Maria [UNESP]; Sartori, Maria Márcia Pereira [UNESP]; Pavan, Marcelo Agenor [UNESP]; Rezende, Jorge Alberto Marques; Ghanim, Murad; Krause-Sakate, Renate [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Institute of Plant Protection
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) were reported as the sole vectors for tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), the prevalent begomovirus infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) in Brazil. To improve our understanding on the interactions between B. tabaci and ToSRV, we studied the effects of the virus on the performance of MEAM1 and MED. Comparing adults’ performance on non-infected and ToSRV-infected tomato plants, the number of hatched eggs and emerged adults decreased for both MEAM1 and MED in infected tomato plants. However, the negative effect was more evident for MED, where the emergence of adults was reduced by 90% on ToSRV-infected tomatoes. In addition, the developmental time and percentage survival of MED on ToSRV-infected plants were severely affected compared to non-infected plants, while no differences were observed for MEAM1. Preference assays showed that non-viruliferous MEAM1 adults preferred to settle on non-infected plants in initial times (from 1 h to 6 h) but did not show preference between non-infected and infected plants in other evaluated times (from 12 h to 72 h). Viruliferous MEAM1 adults did not show a preference for either ToSRV-infected or non-infected plants. In contrast, MED non-viruliferous and viruliferous adults preferred to settle on non-infected plants compared to ToSRV-infected tomato plants. Our results indicate that ToSRV differently influences the performance and behavior of the whitefly species MEAM1 and MED, negatively interfering with the life parameters of MED.
Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi from soils of eucalyptus and soybean crops and natural forest areas
(2022-01-01) Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Dos Santos, Paula Leite [UNESP]; Gêa, Bianca Cristina Costa [UNESP]; de Carvalho, Vanessa Rafaela [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Serrão, José Eduardo; Zanetti, Ronald; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
Soils present high fungal diversity, including entomopathogenic species. These fungi are used in pest control, providing easy production, multiplication, application, and dispersion in the field. The objective of the present study was to evaluate entomopathogenic fungal diversity in soils from eucalyptus and soybean crops and natural forest areas. These fungi were isolated using the “Bait Method” with Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae from 10 soil samples per area, collected at 10 cm deep in a zig-zag pattern. The isolated entomopathogenic fungi were cultivated in Petri dishes using PDA medium and their mycelia separated after seven days of incubation in a BOD-type chamber. Species of Aspergillus, Beauveria, Cordyceps, Fusarium, Metarhizium, Penicillium and Purpureocillium were identified. The “Bait Method” with T. molitor larvae is efficient to isolate entomopathogenic fungi with higher diversity from soils of the natural forest than the cultivated area.
Entomopathogenic Fungi, Isolated From Soils and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults, to Manage the Eucalyptus Red Gum Lerp Psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
(2022-12-01) Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Dos Santos, Paula Leite [UNESP]; Gêa, Bianca Cristina Costa [UNESP]; De Carvalho, Vanessa Rafaela [UNESP]; De Oliveira, Fabricio Naka [UNESP]; Soliman, Everton Pires; Serrão, Jose Eduardo; Zanuncio, Jose Cola; Zanetti, Ronald; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Suzano Papel e Celulose/Tecnologia Florestal; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
The parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), entomopathogenic fungi, and chemical insecticides are the main strategies to manage the eucalypts pest Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore. The objective of this study was to isolate and to identify entomopathogenic fungi, collected from Bemisia tabaci Gennadius adults in soybean and tomato crops, and from soil samples in eucalypts, soybean, and native forest areas to evaluate their potential to manage G. brimblecombei. Twelve Beauveria and Cordyceps isolates were selected and compared with the commercial products Boveril Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Metarril Metarhizium anisopliae Metschn. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), and Octane Cordyceps fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and their respective strains. The fungal isolates were diluted in 0.1% aqueous Tween 80 at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 conidia/ml and sprayed on the G. brimblecombei nymphs with or without lerps. Pest mortality was higher and the TL50 and TL90 lower with the isolates LCBPF 11 C. javanica Frieder. & Bally (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), LCBPF 12 (C. fumosorosea), and LCBPF 67 (C. fumosorosea) from B. tabaci adults. Fungi of the genera Beauveria and Cordyceps developed and caused high mortality of G. brimblecombei nymphs with lerps. The B. bassiana, C. cateniannulata Liang (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), C. fumosorosea, C. javanica, and M. anisopliae isolates showed potential to manage G. brimblecombei. The lerp of this insect enhances entomopathogenic fungus development as a source of inoculum accelerating G. brimblecombei nymph mortality. Entomopathogenic fungi isolated from insects and soils are effective against G. brimblecombei and the presence of the lerp of this insect increases the effectiveness of its control.
Protopolybia exigua (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) nesting on Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae) plant in the Atlantic Forest region
(2022-01-01) Vinha, G. L.; Brügger, B. P.; Santos-Júnior, V. C.; Ribeiro, W. S.; Wilcken, C. F. [UNESP]; de Souza, M. M.; Zanuncio, J. C.; Zanetti, R.; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica – LABEC; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Laboratório de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
Cordyceps cateniannulata and Cordyceps javanica: first report of pathogenicity to Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
(2022-01-01) Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Santos, Paula L. [UNESP]; Gêa, Bianca C. C. [UNESP]; Carvalho, Vanessa R. [UNESP]; Oliveira, Fabricio N. [UNESP]; Soliman, Everton P.; Pereira, Fabricio F.; Zanuncio, José C.; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Suzano Papel e Celulose/Tecnologia Florestal; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
Cultivation of species of the genus Eucalyptus is important for the Brazilian economy, with 6.97 million hectares planted. Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), detected in Brazil in 2003, has dispersed and now damages Eucalyptus crops in all regions of this country. The location and identification of entomopathogenic fungi isolates may increase the options for integrated pest management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Cordyceps cateniannulata and Cordyceps javanica isolates to G. brimblecombei. Ten nymphs of G. brimblecombei, with or without lerps, were placed per Eucalyptus leaf cut with one of its edges on hydroretentive gel inside Petri dishes. The fungi isolates were suspended in a solution of Tween 80 (0.1%) at the concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia mL-1 and sprayed on the G. brimblecombei nymphs. The mortality of this insect was evaluated daily for seven days, and the dead individuals were transferred to humid chambers. The conidia viability of the isolates was greater than 93%. The mortality of G. brimblecombei nymphs, seven days after the application of the fungi, was 100%. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of C. cateniannulata and C. javanica isolates, occurring naturally in the field, to G. brimblecombei.
Arsenura and Titaea (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Arsenurinae): new records for the Cerrado of Northeast Brazil
(2022-01-01) Santos, A. A.; Serrão, J. E.; Zanetti, R.; Leite, G. L.D.; Wilcken, C. F. [UNESP]; Zanuncio, J. C.; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Impact of Fungicide Application Timing Based on Soybean Rust Prediction Model on Application Technology and Disease Control
(2022-09-01) Negrisoli, Matheus Mereb [UNESP]; Silva, Flávio Nunes da [UNESP]; Negrisoli, Raphael Mereb [UNESP]; Lopes, Lucas da Silva [UNESP]; Souza Júnior, Francisco de Sales [UNESP]; Freitas, Bianca Rezende de [UNESP]; Velini, Edivaldo Domingues [UNESP]; Raetano, Carlos Gilberto [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The application of remote sensing techniques and prediction models for soybean rust (SBR) monitoring may result in different fungicide application timings, control efficacy, and spraying performance. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of a prediction model as a threshold for disease control decision-making and to identify the effect of different application timings on SBR control as well as on the spraying technology. There were two experimental trials that were conducted in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme: 2 cultivars (susceptible and partially resistant to SBR); and four application timings (conventional chemical control at a calendarized system basis; based on the prediction model; at the appearance of the first visible symptoms; and control without fungicide application). Spray deposit and coverage at each application timing were evaluated in the lower and upper region of the soybean canopy through quantitative analysis of a tracer and water-sensitive papers. The prediction model was calculated based on leaf reflectance data that were collected by remote sensing. Application timings impacted the application technology as well as control efficacy. Calendarized system applications were conducted earlier, promoting different spray performances. Spraying at moments when the leaf area index was higher obtained poorer distribution. None of the treatments were capable of achieving high spray penetration into the canopy. The partially resistant cultivar was effective in holding disease progress during the crop season, whereas all treatments with chemical control resulted in less disease impact. The use of the prediction model was effective and promising to be integrated into disease management programs.
Molecular and biological characterization of an isolate of the potyvirus passiflora virus Y naturally infecting soybean (Glycine max) in Brazil
(2022-12-01) Ribeiro-Junior, Marcos Roberto [UNESP]; Barreto da Silva, Felipe [UNESP]; Marubayashi, Julio Massaharu [UNESP]; Uzan, Juliana [UNESP]; Nogueira, Angelica Maria [UNESP]; Muller, Cristiane; Nascimento, Daniele Maria; Yuki, Valdir Atsushi; Narita, Nobuyoshi; Pavan, Marcelo Agenor [UNESP]; Ochoa-Corona, Francisco Manuel; Krause-Sakate, Renate [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Oklahoma State University; Corteva Agriscience; Agronomic Institute of Campinas; APTA Regional
Passiflora virus Y was detected naturally infecting soybean (Glycine max) for the first time in Brazil. Here, we report the nearly complete genome sequence and molecular and biological properties of the PaVY-Br isolate. The nearly complete genome sequence is 9679 nt long and shares 84.4% nt sequence identity with a previously reported PaVY isolate from Passiflora sp. PaVY-Br induced chlorotic spots and systemic mosaic on soybean and chlorotic local lesions on yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and sesame (Sesamum indicum). The virus was successfully transmitted by Myzus persicae, indicating that this aphid vector can contribute to the spread of PaYV from passion fruit to soybean plants. Additional epidemiological research is in progress to investigate the distribution of PaVY in soybean production areas in Brazil.
First detection of Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in eucalyptus plantations in Minas Gerais, Brazil
(2023-01-01) Ribeiro, M. F. [UNESP]; Rezende, D. A.N.; Freitas, R. G.; Brito, M. D.; Solce, G. N. [UNESP]; Souza, C. D.; Buneri, I. D.; Zanuncio, J. C.; Wilcken, C. F. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); MG; Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais - IPEF; University of Karachi; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
Trade-Offs between Temperature and Fitness in Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Implications for Mass Rearing and Field Management
(2023-05-01) Barrufaldi, Ana Paula Frugeri [UNESP]; Hayashida, Rafael; Hoback, William Wyatt; Higley, Leon G.; Carvalho, Jose Romario de; Oliveira, Regiane Cristina de [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Oklahoma State University; University of Nebraska; State Department of Education
The brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the most abundant soybean stink bug pests in Brazil. Temperature is a key factor that affects its development and reproduction, and fluctuating temperatures may impact the development and reproduction of E. heros differently from those under constant temperatures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of constant and fluctuating temperature on the biological characteristics of E. heros in three successive generations. Treatments consisted of six constant temperatures (19 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C) and four fluctuating temperatures (25:21 °C, 28:24 °C, 31:27 °C, and 34:30 °C) evaluated for three successive generations. Second-stage nymphs were evaluated daily, and after they reached the adult stage, they were separated by sex, and the individual weight (mg) and pronotum size (mm) were recorded. After pair formation, eggs were collected to evaluate the pre-oviposition period, total number of eggs, and egg viability. The duration of the nymphal stage was reduced with an increase in both constant and fluctuating temperatures; however, at constant temperatures of 19 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C and fluctuating temperatures of 28:24 °C, there was no reproduction in adults. The base temperature and total degree day requirement for nymphal development were 15.5 °C and 197.4 dd, respectively. Pre-oviposition period (d), number of eggs per female, and viability of eggs (%) were affected by temperature across the generations. The multiple decrement life table analysis revealed that mortality was highest during the molting of the second-stage nymphs. These findings have important implications for E. heros’ laboratory mass-rearing programs and for its management in fields.
Eucalyptus pests
(2022-01-01) Barbosa, Leonardo Rodrigues; Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of Viçosa
The area with plantations of trees of the genus Eucalyptus and Corymbia is of more than 20 million hectares in the world. In Brazil, those of the Eucalyptus genus occupy 77% of the total area of planted forests. These plantations are threatened by native and exotic pest insects, which can limit wood production if not managed properly. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce pest insects to Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The main species are mentioned and the aspects of biology, injury, damage and monitoring, and control strategies described for the most important ones. Technologies, especially biological control, are discussed for the management of these pests. The management of eucalyptus pests in Brazil has contributed to reducing the problems with exotic pests in these crops.
Fumigant toxicity of Cymbopogon flexuosus lemon grass (Poaceae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and phytotoxicity to Zea mays (Poaceae)
(2023-01-01) Mota Filho, Tarcísio Marcos Macedo [UNESP]; da Silva Camargo, Roberto [UNESP]; de Menezes, Claubert Wagner Guimarães; Zanuncio, José Cola; Brito, Eliane Souza Gomes; Forti, Luiz Carlos [UNESP]; Araújo, Clináscia Rodrigues Rocha; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
Compounds with insecticidal properties from plant essential oils are an alternative to manage Sitophilus zeamais. However, these compounds can affect physiological processes such as seed germination and plant growth. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity of the Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil by fumigation to S. zeamais and its phytotoxic to Zea mays. The mortality of S. zeamais was 100% with the doses of 20, 30, 40 and 50 µL of the C. flexuosus essential oil per 20 g of grains. The lethal dose (LD50) of this essential oil was 9.3 µL and its lethal time (LT50) greater with the 10 µL (18.8 h) and lowest with that of 50 µL (0.02 h), respectively. The doses of 10 and 20 µL of the C. flexuosus essential oil did not reduce the seed germination and growth of corn plants. The essential oil of C. flexuosus is an alternative for the control of S. zeamais.
Soil micromorphology and CO2 exchange in initial Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests
(2023-01-01) Sousa, Kátia Kaelly Andrade [UNESP]; Camargo, Roberto da Silva [UNESP]; Caldato, Nadia [UNESP]; Farias, Adriano Pimentel [UNESP]; de Matos, Carlos Alberto Oliveira [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Sabattini, Julian Alberto; Forti, Luiz Carlos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); National Council for Scientific and Technical Research
Ants build underground nests to protect their colonies and to improve conditions for their offspring. The excavation of nests, by ants, modifies the soil structure, facilitating gas exchange and circulation, which needs further studies. Do initial nests modify the initial chamber soil matrix and gas exchange? The objective was to study the soil micromorphology of the wall of the chamber of initial nests of the leaf-cutting ant A. sexdens and how the CO2 diffuses into the soil matrix. The CO2 concentration in initial four-month-old A. sexdens nests was measured for 24 h using a respirometric system with a gas meter and closed nest holes (obliterated). After this period, they were opened and the CO2 concentration measured again. In addition, 15 cm deep holes were drilled into the ground 15 and 60 cm away from the ant nest hole. The CO2 was measured in these orifices and then they were sealed for 24 h and new ones made after this period. The contents of the nest chambers were removed, after the CO2 measures and the soil micromorphology of the walls of the initial chamber analyzed. The CO2 concentration in the nest chamber was greater than that in the soil at 15 and 60 cm distant from it. The CO2 accumulation did not increase with the obliteration of the nest entrance for 24 h. Coarse material, mainly quartz and charcoal fragments, besides fine material of clay, organic matter and iron oxides composed the soil of the wall of initial nests. The soil porosity in the chamber walls of the initial nests was lower than that of the matrix of the adjacent soil and differed between those of the nests. Initial nests of A. sexdens modifies the soil matrix of their walls, allowing to CO2 exchange between its chamber and adjacent soil.
Forest Health in the Southern Cone of America: State of the Art and Perspectives on Regional Efforts
(2023-04-01) Villacide, José M.; Gomez, Demian F.; Perez, Carlos A.; Corley, Juan C.; Ahumada, Rodrigo; Rodrigues Barbosa, Leonardo; Furtado, Edson Luiz [UNESP]; González, Andrés; Ramirez, Nazaret; Balmelli, Gustavo; Dias de Souza, Caroline; Martínez, Gonzalo; IFAB INTA Bariloche; Texas A&M Forest Service; Universidad de la Republica Paysandú; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; División de Silvicultura y Sanidad—Bioforest S.A.—Arauco; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidad de la República; Montes del Plata; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF)
The plantation and natural forests of South America have been highly impacted by native and exotic pests in recent decades. The interaction of emerging invasive pests, climate change, and timber markets will define the region’s forests, with significant but uncertain ecological changes and economic losses expected. The Southern Cone Forest Health Group (SCFHG), a joint ad hoc initiative run by forest health professionals from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, aims to strengthen relationships between the forestry industry, stakeholders, academia, and government agencies across the region. Here, we highlight regional strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities to address forest health issues in the region. A regional approach with a strong communication network is relevant for future actions. In the current global scenario of invasive species and climate change, the implementation of practices that incorporate the resilience of forest ecosystems and sustainable management needs to be prioritized in forest policy across the region. Understanding that pests and pathogens do not recognize borders, we call on governments and organizations to support joint actions with agreements and adequate resources to enhance our regional capabilities.
Contamination and mortality of leaf-cutting ant workers by the quinone inside inhibitor fungicide after social interactions
(2023-12-01) Scudillio, Tamires [UNESP]; Camargo, Roberto da Silva [UNESP]; Mota Filho, Tarcísio Marcos Macedo [UNESP]; de Matos, Carlos Alberto Oliveira [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Sabattini, Julian Alberto; Forti, Luiz Carlos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); National Council for Scientific and Technical Research
Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are the most important pests in forest and agricultural plantations and livestock. Toxic baits are the main method to manage these insects. The objective was to determine whether the behavior of allogrooming, touch, and self-grooming among Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers disperse the fungicide quinone inside inhibitor and whether this product is toxic to them. This fungicide was applied, topically, in groups of workers and the social interactions between them and their mortality with and without the fungicide were evaluated. The interactions and the quinone inside inhibitor fungicide contamination increased with the number of leaf-cutting ant workers per group. Excessive touches, with subsequent allogrooming, and self-grooming among the ant workers dispersed the quinone inside the inhibitor fungicide causing 100% mortality and indicating its toxicity to this insect. The hypothesis that social interactions contaminated ant colony mates and the toxicity of the fungicide quinone inside inhibitor to workers of the leaf-cutting ant A. sexdens rubropilosa was proven.
Thermal requirements, fertility life table and biological parameters of Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) at different temperatures
(2023-01-01) Becchi, Luciane Katarine [UNESP]; Barbosa, Leonardo Rodrigues; Serrão, José Eduardo; Zanuncio, José Cola; Sampaio, Marcus Vinicius; Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) was imported to Brazil in 2012, to manage the exotic pest Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), which has been damaging eucalyptus plantations. Knowledge of the thermal requirements and the fertility life table of C. noackae is important to improve mass rearing methods for this parasitoid and the effectiveness of its release to manage T. peregrinus. The objective was to evaluate the development period, thermal requirements and the fertility life table of C. noackae at different temperatures. The egg-adult period of this parasitoid varied from 43 to 14 days at 15∘C and 30∘C, respectively. The emergence of C. noackae adults was higher at 15∘C, 18∘C, 21∘C and 24∘C than at 30∘C. Female and male C. noackae need 226.75 and 230.41 degree-days and temperatures higher than 10.06∘C and 9.90∘C, respectively, to complete egg-adult development. The number of parasitized eggs per C. noackae female was higher at 21∘C, 24∘C and 27∘C, with 5.82, 7.73 and 5.50 eggs, respectively, than at 30∘C (0.45). Cleruchoides noackae longevity was greater at 15∘C, 21∘C and 24∘C. The net reproductive rate of the parasitoid was higher at 21∘C and 24∘C than at 30∘C, 3.05, 4.70 and 0.16, respectively. The finite rate of increase of C. noackae was greater at 21∘C, 24∘C and 27∘C, than at 30∘C and the intrinsic rate of increase was negative at 30∘C, −0.100. The temperatures 21∘C and 24∘C and from 18∘C to 27∘C are the most adequate for the reproduction and population increase of C. noackae parasitizing eggs of T. peregrinus, respectively.
Effect of essential oils on Phomopsis sojae in vitro development
(2018-01-01) Dos Santos, Paula Leite [UNESP]; Do Nascimento, Daniele Maria [UNESP]; Kronka, Adriana Zanin [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Phomopsis sojae is considered the most directly involved fungus in the reduction of soybean seeds quality. Despite the proven effectiveness of chemicals products, the use of natural substances with fungicidal action, such as plant extracts and essential oils, has been investigated as an option of low ecological and environmental impact. Searching an alternative way of P. sojae control, this research aimed to verify the effect of essential oils on this fungus in vitro development. Essential oils (EOs) from eight plant species (neem, lemongrass, citronella, rosemary, citriodora eucalyptus, cloves, ginger and basil) were added to the PDA medium at four concentrations (0.25 %, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%). In order to compare the EOs performance, two treatments were included, one composed of pure PDA medium (control) and another of medium containing thiophanate methyl + fluazinam (fungicide). The experiment was carried out on a completely randomized design, according to the 8x4 factorial scheme and two control treatments, with three replications per treatment. The experiment was performed in duplicate. Mycelial growth (cm) and sporulation (number of spores/ml) were evaluated. Lemongrass, cloves and basil EOs totally inhibited the fungal growth at all concentrations in both trials, not allowing sporulation. The other EOs didn’t show satisfactory performance as even inhibiting the fungal growth, they allowed high spores production, which is undesirable.
Morphoanatomical Changes in Eucalyptus grandis Leaves Associated with Resistance to Austropuccinia psidii in Plants of Two Ages
(2023-01-01) Furtado, Edson Luiz [UNESP]; Silva, André Costa da; Silva, Érica Araújo Rodrigues; Rodella, Roberto Antônio [UNESP]; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Serrão, José Eduardo; de Pieri, Cristiane [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF); Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
The fungus Austropuccinia psidii infects young tissues of Eucalyptus plants until they are two years old in the nursery and field, causing Myrtaceae rust. The characteristics making older eucalypt leaves resistant to A. psidii and the reason for the low levels of this pathogen in older plants need evaluations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological differences between Eucalyptus grandis leaves of different growth stages and two plant ages to propose a visual phenological scale to classify E. grandis leaves according to their maturation stages and to evaluate the time of leaf maturation for young and adult plants. A scale, based on a morphological differentiation for E. grandis leaves, was made. The color, shape and size distinguished the leaves of the first five leaf pairs. Anatomical analysis showed a higher percentage of reinforced tissue, such as sclerenchyma-like tissue and collenchyma, greater leaf blade thickness, absence of lower palisade parenchyma in the mature leaves and a higher number of cavities with essential oils than in younger ones. Changes in anatomical characteristics that could reduce the susceptibility of older E. grandis leaves to A. psidii coincide with the time of developing leaf resistance. Reduced infection of this pathogen in older plants appears to be associated with a more rapid maturation of their leaf tissues.
Efficacy of Xanthomonas crude lipopolysaccharide on the control of the tomato bacterial spot
(2023-03-01) Halfeld-Vieira, Bernardo de Almeida; Simões, Camila Tonelotti [UNESP]; Carvalho, Valdeir Nunes [UNESP]; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Plants can recognize pathogen-derived molecules and trigger systemic acquired resistance. In plant pathogenic bacteria, several of these elicitors are structural components constitutively present in the pathogen, such as cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This research aims at evaluating the ability of crude LPS from incompatible Xanthomonas strains to control tomato bacterial spot caused by X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans. Crude LPS from strains that demonstrated the ability to be recognized by tomato plants were evaluated through spray, leaf infiltration, and soil applications. The LPS from X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae strain CMAA 1829 was tested three times, showing a greater reduction both in the number of lesions per leaflet and in disease severity when applied on soil. However, chlorophyll content in tomato leaflets presented a brief reduction in the short term. Peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase activities in plants exposed to crude LPS from CMAA 1829 increased in the first day after pathogen inoculation (DAI), but only PO activity remained high throughout at least the 15 DAI. Results show that the use of crude LPS from host-incompatible strains of Xanthomonas to trigger systemic resistance can configure a valuable asset to control tomato bacterial spot.
Symbiotic bacteria in the relationship between Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
(2023-02-01) Ribeiro, Murilo Fonseca [UNESP]; Carvalho, Vanessa Rafaela [UNESP]; Favoreto, Ana Laura [UNESP]; de Marchi, Bruno Rossitto; Bello, Vinicius H. [UNESP]; Jordan, Carolina [UNESP]; Soliman, Everton Pires; Zanuncio, José Cola; Sabattini, Julian Alberto; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Florida; Suzano Papel e Celulose; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos
The egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitizes the Eucalyptus snout-beetle Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one of the main defoliating beetles of Eucalyptus. Outbreaks of this pest are being recorded in areas with low parasitism rates by A. nitens. Endosymbiont bacteria can affect the reproductive characteristics of host insects increasing or decreasing the parasitism rate. The objectives of this study were to identify the presence, phylogeny and transmission modes of endosymbiont bacteria in A. nitens and G. platensis. Six populations of A. nitens and one of G. platensis were evaluated. Genomic DNA from these populations was extracted and nine genera of cell endosymbionts were searched by PCR. Three species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Erwinia amylovora, Serratia grimesii, Yersinia massiliensis and the cell endosymbiont Rickettsia belli were identified in all A. nitens populations. Only Serratia grimesii was found in G. platensis. The presence of E. amylovora, Y. massiliensis and R. belli in the F1 and F2 generations indicates vertical transmission in A. nitens, while S. grimesii is vertically transmitted in G. platensis.

Navegar

Submissões Recentes