Artigos - Solos e Recursos Ambientais - FCA

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Growth and macronutrient accumulation in tomato cultivated in an organic system
(2023-01-01) De Almeida, Luciana G.; Cardoso, Antonio Ismael Inácio [UNESP]; Candian, Joara S. [UNESP]; Filho, Helio Grassi [UNESP]; Sartori, Maria Márcia P. [UNESP]; SP; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The aim of this study was to characterize the growth and nutrient absorption of ‘Debora Victory’ tomato grown in organic system. The treatments consisted of nine sampling dates, at 2, 32, 46, 60, 77, 91, 109, 122 and 137 days after transplantation (DAT). In the last sampling, plants reached an estimated accumulation of dry and fresh weight in plant shoots of 550 and 9,528 g/plant, respectively. At the end of the cycle, the distribution of dry matter was 73% in the fruits, 16% in the leaves and 11% in the stem. The yield of total fresh fruits was estimated at 154.7 t/ha. The decreasing order of nutrient accumulation in plant shoots was K>N>Ca>P>S>Mg, with estimated values of 22.6; 10.4; 5.0; 2.3; 2.1 and 1.6 g/plant, respectively, corresponding to 431; 198; 95; 44; 40 and 30 kg/ha of K, N, Ca, P, S and Mg, respectively. The decreasing order of nutrient accumulation in the fruits was K>N>P>S>Mg>Ca, with estimated values of 16.6; 8.4; 1.7; 0.8; 0.7 and 0.2 g/plant, respectively, which corresponded to an estimated total extraction of 315; 153; 32; 16; 14 and 3 kg/ha of K, N, P, S, Mg and Ca, respectively. In the last sampling, the greatest accumulation of N, P and K occurred in the fruits and Ca, S and Mg in the vegetative organs (stem + leaves).
Change in soil chemical attributes and yield of a common-bean crop in response to steel slag application
(2023-01-01) da Silva, Alessandra Vieira [UNESP]; Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]; de Souza, Mara Lúcia Cruz [UNESP]; Broetto, Fernando [UNESP]; Büll, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Most agricultural soils in Brazil are classified as acid, which limits agricultural production in the country, warranting the application of acidity correctives. The present study examined the effect of steel slag application on chemical characteristics of the soil as well as on the metabolic responses and yield of common-bean plants in a no-till system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with 42-m2 subplots in a 7×2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two factors, namely, acidity correctives and application forms. The following correctives were tested: steel slag (T1), wollastonite (T2), ladle furnace slag (T3), stainless steel slag (T4), calcined agricultural limestone (T5), agricultural limestone (T6), and a control without correctives (C). The application forms were surface application and incorporation (20 cm). Ten months after the last reapplication of the acidity correctives, a soil probe sampler was used to collect samples from the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm layers for chemical analysis. The common-bean crop was established after 16 months of the applications, and the following parameters were evaluated 40 days after germination: plant height; leaf dry weight; relative water content; electrolyte losses; pigment content (Clo a, Clo b, and carotenoids); leaf macronutrient and micronutrient content; total soluble protein content; leaf silicon content; enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase; and gas exchange. At the end of the crop cycle, grain production and yield components were evaluated. Phosphorus, pH, base saturation, and Si increased with the application of silicates, influencing the number of plants m-1 and 100-grain weight; however, grain yield did not change.
Interaction Between High Soil Zinc Level and Silicon Application Methods in Maize Plants
(2023-01-01) Rodrigues da Silva, Ana Paula [UNESP]; Fernandes, Dirceu Maximino [UNESP]; Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]; Büll, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Propose: The present study proposes to examine the efficiency of Si application methods and their effect in intermediate and high levels of Zn in maize plants. Methods: Two experiments were carried out: one in sandy soil and another in clay soil. The Si rates were applied in the planting furrow or in the total area, individually or combined with Zn at intermediate or high levels. Evaluations were performed in the plant (Zn and Si contents and accumulation; plant height; leaf area; SPAD index; and shoot, leaf, stem, and root dry weights) and in the soil (Zn and Si contents and pH). Results: The treatments individually or in combination with Zn at intermediate or high levels influenced in sandy and clay soil for the variables plant height, leaf area, shoot and leaf dry weights, shoot Zn and Si and accumulation and Zn and Si soil contents. And still, in sandy soil also influenced in stem and root dry weights. The Si application methods influenced in clay soil on plant height, shoot Zn accumulation, soil Si, shoot and dry weights of leaves, stem, and root. However, in sandy soil, Si application methods influenced plant height and soil pH. Conclusions: In sandy soil, the combination of a lower dose of Si with a higher rate of Zn resulted in increased concentrations of Zn in the plant. The Si application methods decreased of Zn content in soil of clay texture and shoot Zn accumulation in sandy soil. The Si application methods had a greater influence on the parameters evaluated in sandy soil.
Manejo do Nitrogênio Químico e Orgânico em dois Ciclos de Alface Irrigado com Água Residuária
(2022-01-01) Lobo, Thomaz Figueiredo; Siqueira, Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro; de Oliveira, Sebastiao; Filho, Hélio Grassi [UNESP]; Universidade do Sagrado Coração; Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Frutal; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Increasing the cost of mineral fertilizers and increasing environmental pollution make the use of organic waste in agriculture an economically attractive option due to the cycling of C and nutrients. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and nutrition of lettuce in different management of chemical and organic nitrogen irrigated with wastewater from the Sewage Treatment Station in two cycles of lettuce. The experiment was carried out in a pot with 5 liters capacity, in a greenhouse, the experimental design was composed of 6 treatments and 5 randomized blocks as follows: T0 - without N; T1 - 0.54 grams of N (urea) per plant divided into three times (7, 14 and 28 days of transplantation); T2 - 0.27 grams of N (Organic Compound) and 0.27 grams of N (urea) divided into urea three times per plant (7, 14 and 28 days of transplantation); T3 - 0.54 grams of N (organic compound) per plant; T4 - 0.81 grams of N (organic compound) per plant; T5 - 1.08 grams of N (organic compound) per plant. Lettuces that were fertilized with organic compost obtained higher yields of fresh mass and accumulation of nutrients both in the first and second cycles.
Evaluation of the use of wastewater treated with Lemnas minor in bean yield and nutrition
(2022-09-01) dos Santos Lima, Rafael [UNESP]; Cavalcante, Valéria Santos; Garcia, João Batista Ferraz [UNESP]; Filho, Helio Grassi [UNESP]; de Morais, Leandro Cardoso [UNESP]; Tonetti, Adriano Luiz; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Irrigation with wastewater can reduce the demand for drinking water, reduce its disposal into water bodies and provide nutrients for agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the irrigation using wastewater with and without polishing by Lemnaceae macrophytes on the production and nutrition of common bean plants. Common bean (IPR Andorinha) was cultivated in a greenhouse in a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments (T1= public-supply water (PSW); T2 = wastewater without polishing (WWNP) and T3 = wastewater with polishing by macrophytes (WWPL)). The highest contents of macronutrients and micronutrients in the common bean crop irrigated with PSW, WWPL and WWNP were found in the following order: K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P and Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu. Compared to PSW, wastewater promoted higher green color index (17.1%), number of pods (24%), grain yield (28%), fresh matter (33%) and dry matter (42%). Wastewater with and without polishing provides adequate nutrition and dry matter production, and wastewater with polishing increased the number of grains and grain yield in common bean.
Microorganisms and composted sewage sludge in the initial development of baru seedlings in pots
(2022-01-01) Silva, Philippe Solano Toledo [UNESP]; Prates, Adrielle Rodrigues [UNESP]; Fernandes, Dirceu Maximino [UNESP]; Cassiolato, Ana Maria Rodrigues [UNESP]; Maltoni, Katia Luciene [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The Brazilian Cerrado has a great diversity of plants and acidic soils with reduced availability of some nutrients, such as phosphorus (P). Addition of organic residues and microorganisms could help to establish plants in this environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the initial development of baru (Dipteryx alata) seedlings, through the availability of nutrients (such as P) by fertilization with composted sewage sludge (SLUDGE) with sugarcane bagasse (1:1) and inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus clarum. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, with an experimental design in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, being: SLUDGE (with and without) and inoculation (1 = Control; 2 = B. subtilis, 3 = Gl. clarum and 4 = B. subtilis + Gl. clarum), with 5 replications and one seedling per pot. After 150 days of transplanting the seedlings, the following parameters were evaluated: fresh and dry biomass of the aerial part; stem diameter; plant height; number of leaves; seedling quality index; fresh and dry biomass, surface area, volume, total length and mean diameter of roots; root colonization (COL) and number of AMF spores; COL by melanized septate endophytes (DSE) and carbon from CO2 (C-CO2) released. The baruzeiro showed to be an undemanding species in terms of fertilization, but responsive to inoculation, showing increments in fresh biomass, surface area, volume and total length of roots. The inoculation with Gl. clarum increased the number of spores and the rate of C-CO2 released into the soil, while Gl. clarum and B. subtilis increased COL by AMF and DSE.
Influence of irrigation frequency and nitrogen concentration on Tifway 419 bermudagrass in Brazil
(2022-01-01) dos Santos, Patrick Luan Ferreira [UNESP]; do Nascimento, Matheus Vinícios Leal [UNESP]; de Godoy, Leandro José Grava [UNESP]; Zabotto, Alessandro Reinaldo [UNESP]; Tavares, Armando Reis; Bôas, Roberto Lyra Villas [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Instituto Agronômico
Tifway 419 Bermudagrass is widely used on athletic fields, requiring irrigation and fertilization for its maintenance; however, little information is available for Bermudagrass management in tropical countries, as Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation frequency and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the development of Tifway 419 Bermudagrass. The experiment was carried in 2019, applying two irrigation frequencies (daily and every two days) and five N concentrations of 0, 42.19, 63.28, 105.47 and 126.56 kg N ha-1 divided into three 30-day increments. Photosynthetic pigments, grass height, accumulated dry mass, relative chlorophyll index, regeneration rate, root length, and dry mass of root, rhizome and stolon were analyzed. The best result was observed in between 63.28 and 105.47 kg N ha-1 (15% N) and irrigated every two days. The treatment maintains the green color of the grass. Maximum Bermudagrass regeneration rate was observed within this interval, and the root length and dry mass of roots, rhizomes and stolons were higher compared to the highest concentration.
Atlantic rainforest natural regeneration in fragmented formations affected by increasing human disturbance
(2023-01-01) Roder, Ludmila Ribeiro [UNESP]; Guerrini, Iraê Amaral [UNESP]; Lozano Sivisaca, Deicy Carolina [UNESP]; Yaguana Puglla, Celso Anibal [UNESP]; Góes de Moraes, Felipe [UNESP]; Pinheiro da Silva, Jaqueline [UNESP]; Batista Fonseca, Renata Cristina [UNESP]; Umbelino, Maria Tereza; James, Jason Nathaniel; Capra, Gian Franco; Ganga, Antonio; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Università Degli Studi di Sassari; Brasil Mata Viva Group; Inc. 15375 SE 30th Place Bellevue
Forests provides major ecosystem services worldwide. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) has been dramatically devastated, with fragmentation processes jeopardizing its long-term sustainability. This study investigated the structure and successional dynamics in BAF natural regeneration along an anthroposequence characterized by increasing human disturbance histories as: secondary (SF) > disturbed (DF) > late forest (LF). We aimed to understand how and the degree to which BAF fragmentation and human disturbance affected plants, soils, and the whole soil-plant relationships and feedbacks. We investigated the natural regeneration conditions of plants (using plant classification and quali-quantitative analyses) and soil chemistry (including pH-CaCl2, H + Al, C, N, Pt, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations, Al, B, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, and Zn) at twelve permanent, 2000 m2 plots, distributed across LF, DF, and SF forests. Significant differences were determined by ANOVA. Correlation matrix (CM) and factor analysis (FA) were used for understanding correlations and feedbacks/variability among investigated parameters, respectively. Most of investigated plant and soil parameters showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between more developed plant formations (LF) vs less developed ones (SF), with differences mainly due to soil's development stage. All investigated forest formations are featured by a great influence of the soil-plant relationships and feedbacks, with a decreasing magnitude as LF → DF → SF. Thus, there is a direct, statistically recognizable impact of both “recent” as well as “ancient” human disturbance on investigated soil-plant formations. The anthropogenic influence clearly affected not only plant and soil as “separate” systems but the whole complex of interactions and feedbacks among ecosystem components. A decreasing quality in soil and plant parameters was observed as human disturbance increased. We demonstrated that BAF plant and soil require decades for their recovery after human disturbances, with complex mechanisms and behaviors in the relationships among ecosystem components. The results can be useful for managing future recovery in an ecosystem of worldwide strategic importance.
Physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean in response to application of steel slag
(2022-01-01) da Silva, Alessandra Vieira [UNESP]; Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]; de Souza, Mara Lúcia Cruz [UNESP]; Broetto, Fernando [UNESP]; Büll, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Steel slag is a powdery industrial residue that has CaO, MgO and SiO2 in its composition, which enables its use in agriculture for soil acidity correction. Most studies involving this residue have focused on understanding its effects on the soil, not always considering its action on the plant metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean plants due to application of lime and steel slag on the soil surface or by incorporation. The experiment was carried out in the field, with six soil acidity corrective materials: stainless steel slag, steel slag, ladle slag, wollastonite slag, dolomitic lime and calcined dolomite, plus a negative control, which did not receive correctives. Two application methods were adopted: soil surface application or incorporation. Sixty days after application, the soybean crop was established. Soybean response changed with the application method, since incorporation of corrective materials provided greater production of fresh and dry leaf mass and stem fresh mass, increased chlorophyll b and leaf K levels, and contributed to a greater number of plants per hectare and pods per plant, compared to surface application. Besides such benefits, there was no difference between the effect of application methods on soybean yield, indicating that both incorporation and surface application are efficient in increasing soybean grain yield. The correctives steel slag, wollastonite and calcined dolomite provided significant increases in soybean yield
Prevalence of bat viruses associated with land-use change in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
(2022-12-09) Loh, Elizabeth H.; Nava, Alessandra; Murray, Kris A.; Olival, Kevin J.; Guimarães, Moisés [UNESP]; Shimabukuro, Juliana; Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos; Fonseca, Fernanda R.; de Oliveira, Daniele Bruna Leal; Campos, Angélica Cristine de Almeida; Durigon, Edison L.; Ferreira, Fernando; Struebig, Matthew J.; Daszak, Peter; Transylvania University; University of Kent; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane – Fiocruz Amazônia; School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; EcoHealth Alliance; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); George Mason University
Introduction: Bats are critical to maintaining healthy ecosystems and many species are threatened primarily due to global habitat loss. Bats are also important hosts of a range of viruses, several of which have had significant impacts on global public health. The emergence of these viruses has been associated with land-use change and decreased host species richness. Yet, few studies have assessed how bat communities and the viruses they host alter with land-use change, particularly in highly biodiverse sites. Methods: In this study, we investigate the effects of deforestation on bat host species richness and diversity, and viral prevalence and richness across five forested sites and three nearby deforested sites in the interior Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. Nested-PCR and qPCR were used to amplify and detect viral genetic sequence from six viral families (corona-, adeno-, herpes-, hanta-, paramyxo-, and astro-viridae) in 944 blood, saliva and rectal samples collected from 335 bats. Results: We found that deforested sites had a less diverse bat community than forested sites, but higher viral prevalence and richness after controlling for confounding factors. Viral detection was more likely in juvenile males located in deforested sites. Interestingly, we also found a significant effect of host bat species on viral prevalence indicating that viral taxa were detected more frequently in some species than others. In particular, viruses from the Coronaviridae family were detected more frequently in generalist species compared to specialist species. Discussion: Our findings suggest that deforestation may drive changes in the ecosystem which reduce bat host diversity while increasing the abundance of generalist species which host a wider range of viruses.
Protein-based Polymer Nanocomposites for Regenerative Medicine
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2012-01-01) Cherian, Bibin Mathew [UNESP]; Olyveira, Gabriel Molina de; Manzine Costa, Ligia Maria; Leao, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Souza, Sivoney Ferreira de; John, M. J.; Sabu, T.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
Natural fibres for geotextiles
(Woodhead Publ Ltd, 2012-01-01) Leao, A. L. [UNESP]; Cherian, B. M. [UNESP]; Souza, S. F. de [UNESP]; Kozlowski, R. M.; Thomas, S.; Kottaisamy, M.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Inst Engn Polymer Mat & Dyes IMPIB; Mahatma Gandhi Univ; Thiagarajar Coll Engn
Natural fibre-based geotextiles can compete with polymeric geotextiles on both technical and economic grounds. However, to increase their competitiveness, new areas of application must be developed, with the biggest market share concentrated in three fibres: jute, coir and sisal. Although jute and coir geotextile products are currently available worldwide, mainly in India, sisal fibre geotextiles have yet to be developed. Sisal is particularly promising due to its mechanical properties and large and consistent supply. Natural fibres like hemp, kenaf and African palm are also suitable raw materials for geotextiles.
Evaluation of Silicon Bioavailability in Soil with Different Chemical Extractants
(2022-01-01) Meirelles, Guilherme Constantino [UNESP]; Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]; Fernandes, Dirceu Maximino [UNESP]; Bull, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Aim: This study was developed to examine the extracting power and efficiency of different methods in order to identify those that best correlate the available Si in the soil with Si uptake by plants. Methods: We evaluated alterations in soil-Si extraction methods using the calcium chloride (CaCl2), acetic acid and ion-exchange resin extractants. Eighteen soils were used and modifications were made in the speed and duration of soil/extractant solution shaking and extracting solution concentration. Quantification was achieved by colorimetry and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse where rice was cultivated until 60 days after emergence. Relative cumulative frequency and the correlation between Si accumulated in the rice plant shoots and Si extracted from the soil by different methods were determined. Results: In terms of relative cumulative frequency, resin showed the least capacity to extract Si from the soil, while acetic acid exhibited the highest extracting power. The methods involving calcium chloride as the extractant showed correlation coefficients between soil extractable Si and Si accumulated in the plant above 0.90, whereas the correlation obtained in the majority of acetic acid methods and in one resin method was greater than 0.80. Conclusions: The extractants have different capacities to extract silicon from soil, and the acetic acid, calcium chloride and resin methods with 12 h of shaking showed a high correlation between soil extractable silicon and silicon accumulation in the rice plant shoots.
Classificação de usos da terra por análise discriminante multigrupos
(2016-01-01) Filgueiras, Roberto [UNESP]; Carvalho, Tânia Maria De; Landim, Paulo Milton Barbosa [UNESP]; Zimback, Célia Regina Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais
The discrimination of different land uses based on satellite data is a widely used procedure, mainly because of processing speed and low cost of realization, depending on the sensor used. The process becomes complex when an accurate classification is desired, using many interrelated variables, referenced to a particular location, because is complex handling and understand such data. Thus, the study aimed to establish relationships between records of different spectral bands of the satellite Landsat-5/TM, considered independent variables, and the different land uses, regarded as cases, through multivariate technique called: multi-groups discriminant analysis. The radiometric calibration was performed, followed by the image rectification process. After this processing, it was obtained, utilizing the randomized method, the values of surface reflectance, for six spectral bands of the satellite, excluding the thermal band. The multi-groups discriminant analysis was utilized to classify the land uses. The identification of forests and water courses were adequately discriminated between them. There were difficulties to separate different types of uses related with pasture, due to water deficit, associated with the sensor spectral resolution.
Physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean in response to application of steel slag
(2021-01-01) da Silva, Alessandra Vieira [UNESP]; Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]; de Souza, Mara Lúcia Cruz [UNESP]; Broetto, Fernando [UNESP]; Büll, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Steel slag is a powdery industrial residue that has CaO, MgO and SiO2 in its composition, which enables its use in agriculture for soil acidity correction. Most studies involving this residue have focused on understanding its effects on the soil, not always considering its action on the plant metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical and nutritional changes in soybean plants due to application of lime and steel slag on the soil surface or by incorporation. The experiment was carried out in the field, with six soil acidity corrective materials: stainless steel slag, steel slag, ladle slag, wollastonite slag, dolomitic lime and calcined dolomite, plus a negative control, which did not receive correctives. Two application methods were adopted: soil surface application or incorporation. Sixty days after application, the soybean crop was established. Soybean response changed with the application method, since incorporation of corrective materials provided greater production of fresh and dry leaf mass and stem fresh mass, increased chlorophyll b and leaf K levels, and contributed to a greater number of plants per hectare and pods per plant, compared to surface application. Besides such benefits, there was no difference between the effect of application methods on soybean yield, indicating that both incorporation and surface application are efficient in increasing soybean grain yield. The correctives steel slag, wollastonite and calcined dolomite provided significant increases in soybean yield.
Effect of soil type on wood chemical constituents and calorific values of 33-year-old Corymbia citriodora
(2021-01-01) De Lima Vieira, Willyam [UNESP]; Amorim, Erick Phelipe; Freitas, Miguel Luiz Menezes; da Silva Júnior, Francides Gomes; Guerrini, Iraê Amaral [UNESP]; Rossi, Márcio; Longui, Eduardo Luiz; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Instituto Florestal - IF; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Red Latosol (LV), Red Nitosol (NV) and Quartzarenic Neosol (RQ) have different physical and chemical characteristics, as well as water holding capacity. This study aimed to determine how such differences cause changes in wood density, extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents, as well as higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV) and useful heating value (UHV), in C. citriodora wood. Wood density was lower in NV. We observed differences in chemical constituents of C. citriodora wood in all three soil types. Trees in RQ and LV soils have higher HHV, LHV and UHV values than trees in NV soil. We concluded that wood produced from all three soils is suitable for use in the Brazilian bioenergy market based on HHV values between 16500 and 18000 kJ.kg-1. Studies in the literature describe extractives and lignin as positively related, while holocellulose is negatively related to calorific value. In our study, wood density seems to have had a greater influence on calorific results than chemical constituents. It is possible that better water and nutrient availability from NV soil compared to RQ and LV soils may have led to higher tree growth, resulting in lower density and, hence, lower calorific values.
Sewage sludge as a pedotechnomaterial for the recovery of soils compacted by heavy machinery on Eucalyptus commercial plantation
(2021-11-20) Guerrini, Iraê Amaral [UNESP]; Sampaio, Thalita Fernanda; Bogiani, Julio Cesar; Backes, Clarice; Harrison, Robert Boyd; Oliveira, Fernando Carvalho; Gava, José Luis; Traballi, Rogério Carlos; Garuba de Menezes Mota, Rodolfo; Roder, Ludmila Ribeiro [UNESP]; Grilli, Eleonora; Ganga, Antonio; James, Jason Nathaniel; Capra, Gian Franco; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Agrovida Consultoria Agronômica e Ambiental; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Goiás State University; University of Washington; Biossolo-Agriculture and Environment; Bracell Company; Paulista University-UNIP; Suzano BahiaSul de Papel e Celulose Company; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”; Inc. 15375 SE 30th Place Bellevue
Commercial forestry activities featuring heavy machinery and intensive traffic represent one of the most common degradation processes in infertile Tropical soils. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of sewage sludge (SS) as pedotechnomaterial (PTM) for soil recovery in strongly degraded Entisols with a human-induced, highly compacted densic horizon (Ad). The area was used as a lumber deposit and for related forestry activities for more than ten consecutive years. Soil recovery activities consisted of: i) SS increasing dose applications (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 Mg ha−1) in the surface mineral horizon, vs a control; and, ii) pioneer (Pn), secondary (Sc), and climax (Cx) native species plantation. Pioneer, Sc, and Cx were characterized by an increasing H and D trend as time went by, with Pn (H and D) > Sc > Cx. After three years, the highest SS dose (20 Mg ha−1) provided the best performance in most investigated species. Soil treated with the highest SS dose showed increased SOM, total P, CEC, exchangeable Ca, total Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents after 36 months. No soil nutrient deficiency, potentially toxic elements (PTE) soil pollution, or related hazards were observed. The principal factor analysis showed that SS positively effects soil-plant feedbacks and related behavior. Canonical correspondence analysis explained how soil physical-chemical parameters influenced the whole plant ecological succession over time: i) during the early stage of development, Pn and Sc species were mainly affected by soil pH (SS buffering effect); ii) after one year, Ca, Mn, and CEC strongly influenced D development of mainly Sc species, thus further developing the whole soil-plant system; iii) at the end of the experiment, SOM and several soil macro- and micronutrients greatly influenced more demanding Cx species. For the first time, this research demonstrated the SS efficiency as PTM in strongly degraded Tropical soils; a PTM strongly favoring soil and forest restoration.
Effects of water management and composted sewage sludge substrates on the growth and quality of clonal Eucalyptus seedlings
(2020-01-01) Gabira, Mônica Moreno; Da Silva, Richardson Barbosa Gomes [UNESP]; De Moura D'Andrea Mateus, Caroline [UNESP]; Boas, Roberto Lyra Villas [UNESP]; Da Silva, Magali Ribeiro [UNESP]; Federal University of Paraná; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Effects of water management and composted sewage sludge substrates on the growth and quality of eucalyptus cuttings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates made of composted sewage sludge and irrigation depths on the growth and quality of E. grandis x E. urophylla cuttings to optimize water management for each substrate. The substrates were obtained from sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse or Eucalyptus bark, namely: composted sewage sludge with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v); sewage sludge composted with Eucalyptus bark (1:3 v:v) and a mixture of both substrates in a volumetric proportion 2:1 (v:v). Commercial substrate composed of Sphagnum peat, vermiculite and rice husk (3:1:1 v:v: v) was used as a control. The irrigation depths tested were 11, 14 and 17 mm, applied in two daily applications. The substrates were physically and chemically characterized and height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry mass, Dickson quality index and root system conformation were measured to determine the growth and quality of seedlings. The substrates obtained through the composting of sewage sludge with sugarcane bagasse or Eucalyptus bark are fit for producing Eucalyptus cuttings, however, the water specificity of each substrate must be considered. Although an 11mm irrigation depth is indicted for the mixture of both substrates (2:1 v:v), a 17mm irrigation depth is needed for the sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v) substrate.
Efficiency of fluid organomineral fertilizer with pig slurry in nitrogen and phosphorus availability
(2020-01-01) Grohskopf, Marco André [UNESP]; Cruz, Caio Vilela [UNESP]; Eloy, Natália Rodrigues Ferreira [UNESP]; Fernandes, Dirceu Maximino [UNESP]; Büll, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]; Corrêa, Juliano Corulli; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
The use of pig slurry (PS) in fluid fertilizer formulation, for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply, consists of an innovative technology due to this waste reuse in the environment. The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic efficiency of fluid organomineral fertilizers with PS concerning solid and fluid forms of soluble minerals as a source of N and P in a Typic Quartzipsamment (Entisol) and Typic Hapludox (Oxisol). Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, with three sequential cultivations in a completely randomized design. Experiment 1: was composed of N and presented the treatments Without-Nitrogen (N-W), solid mineral (N-SM), fluid mineral (N-FM), and fluid with PS (N-FO). Experiment 2: was composed of P and presented the treatments Without-Phosphorus (P-W), solid mineral (P-SM), fluid mineral (P-FM), and fluid with PS (P-FO). The fertilizer N-FO presented a lower N use efficiency by crops in Entisol when compared to the granular fertilizer N-SM, but a higher efficiency in Oxisol. For phosphorus, the fertilizer P-FO was more efficient concerning the solid mineral source P-SM in both Oxisol and Entisol soils. Fluid organomineral fertilizer with PS demonstrated to be a promising source of N and P for crop fertilization, especially in sandy soils, however, more studies are needed with this fertilizer type and its effect on plants and into acid soils of variable charges.
Estimation of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in Perobas stream watershed (São Paulo State) in 1962 and 2011
(2019-01-01) Demarchi, Julio Cesar [UNESP]; Piroli, Edson Luís [UNESP]; Zimback, Célia Regina Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Soil erosion is one of the main forms of farming land degradation as it causes a negative impact on both food production and conservation of natural resources such as soil and water. The erosion quantification by means of modeling is essential for understanding and controlling the process. In this context, this paper aimed to estimate soil loss by erosion in Perobas stream watershed, located in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo state, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), in 1962 and 2011, periods characterized by distinct land uses and management. The total soil losses were 49,130.37 ton in 1962 and 53,201.41 ton in 2011. Despite the implementation of support practices in 2011, which made the mean P factor to decrease from 0.786 to 0.466, and the improvement of crop management, there was a reduction in soil coverage by native forests and “campestre” formation (shrubs and sparse forest), with the consequent expansion of farming and livestock areas, the replacement of coffee crops by soybean and the increase of sugarcane and corn croplands. The Natural Potential of Erosion had a moderate correlation with the estimated erosion rates. The simulated erosion risk showed soil loss below tolerance, which ranges from 3.08 to 15.94 t.ha-1.yr-1 according to the soil type, in 74.09% and 75.14% of the study site in 1962 and 2011, respectively.

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