A Dinâmica da ocupação pioneira na rodovia Transamazônica: uma abordagem de modelos de paisagem
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Data
2003-12-10
Autores
Venturieri, Adriano [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Da época do seu descobrimento até a década de 60, a região amazônica permaneceu praticamente intacta preservando suas riquezas sem atrair muita atenção para seus problemas e necessidades. A partir da criação daoperação amazônia pelo governo militar em 1966, foi traçado um modelo de ocupação que favorecia a implantação de redes de circulação rodoviária, facilitando a conectividade, permitindo a comunicação com o restante do país. Nesse contexto surgiu a rodovia Transamazônica, com objetivo de promover a integração da Amazônia com a região Nordeste através do assentamento do excedente populacional, caracterizada pelo slogan: Homens sem terra para uma terra sem homens. No início da década de 70, a ocupação da região era baseada no desenvolvimento da agricultura de subsistência, típica de regiões pioneiras. A crise econômica ocorrida entre 1973 e 1974 provocou uma mudança dos atores e dos sistemas produtivos vigentes, passando desta forma a região a converter sua paisagem florestal em regiões de cultivos perenes e semiperenes como o cacau (Theobroma cacau L.) e a pimenta-do-reino (Pipper nigrum). Uma combinação de fatores, tais como a queda dos preços internacionais dos produtos e o aumento dos problemas fitossanitários, levaram este sistema de produção a decadência fazendo com que produtores buscassem novos alternativas de produção para a região. Neste período foi implementado o Fundo Constitucional do Norte (FNO) do Banco da Amazônia (BASA), que facilitou o acesso ao crédito para diversos agricultores iniciarem a exploração do sistema de pecuária leiteira. A partir de 1990 a região passou a apresentar um acelerado processo de pecuarização, que representa a conversão de diversos sistemas de produção existente em novas áreas de pecuária. Visando analisar a dinâmica da alteração da paisagem em áreas...
From its discovering until the 1960 s decade, the Amazonian region had remained intact preserving its natural resources without calling much attention to its problems and needs. Since the Amazon operation created by the military government in 1966, a new model of occupation was formulated. This model helped the creation of the roadway system, facilitating the communication with the rest of the country. In this context, Transamazônica highway was built in order to promote the integration between Amazon and northeast region through the settlement of the populational excesss, having the slogan: Landless men for a manless land. In the beginning of the 1970 s the occupation of the region was based on the subsistent agriculture, typical of the pioneer areas. The economical crisis between 1973 and 1974 caused a change in the current doers and productive systems. In this way the forest landscape was transformed into areas of perennial and semi-perennial cultures such as cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and black pepper (Pipper nigrum). The combination of the factors such as the international price decrease of products and the increase of plant-sanitary problems led the system to a decline making the producers search for new possibilities in the region. In 1990, the North Constitutional Fund (FNO), which is part of Amazon Bank (BASA), facilitated credit for several producers to start to explore dairy cattle raising. From this period on the region has presented a fast development in cattle raising activity, as a result of the conversion of several other activities into cattle raising. It was developed a work methodology in order to analyze the dynamic in the landscape change of family agricultural areas alongside the Transamazônica Highway. Three distinct periods of the highway occupation were analyzed (1986, 1991 and 1999), combining the use of landscape patterns, satellite images...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
From its discovering until the 1960 s decade, the Amazonian region had remained intact preserving its natural resources without calling much attention to its problems and needs. Since the Amazon operation created by the military government in 1966, a new model of occupation was formulated. This model helped the creation of the roadway system, facilitating the communication with the rest of the country. In this context, Transamazônica highway was built in order to promote the integration between Amazon and northeast region through the settlement of the populational excesss, having the slogan: Landless men for a manless land. In the beginning of the 1970 s the occupation of the region was based on the subsistent agriculture, typical of the pioneer areas. The economical crisis between 1973 and 1974 caused a change in the current doers and productive systems. In this way the forest landscape was transformed into areas of perennial and semi-perennial cultures such as cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and black pepper (Pipper nigrum). The combination of the factors such as the international price decrease of products and the increase of plant-sanitary problems led the system to a decline making the producers search for new possibilities in the region. In 1990, the North Constitutional Fund (FNO), which is part of Amazon Bank (BASA), facilitated credit for several producers to start to explore dairy cattle raising. From this period on the region has presented a fast development in cattle raising activity, as a result of the conversion of several other activities into cattle raising. It was developed a work methodology in order to analyze the dynamic in the landscape change of family agricultural areas alongside the Transamazônica Highway. Three distinct periods of the highway occupation were analyzed (1986, 1991 and 1999), combining the use of landscape patterns, satellite images...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fotogrametria, Sensoriamento remoto - Amazônia, Sistemas de informação geografica
Como citar
VENTURIERI, Adriano. A Dinâmica da ocupação pioneira na rodovia Transamazônica: uma abordagem de modelos de paisagem. 2003. xii, 167 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2003.