Sustentabilidade, manejo da água e da aeração no cultivo semi-intensivo do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum em água hipereutrófica)
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Data
2011-08-29
Autores
Kimpara, Janaina Mitsue [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o uso da água e aeradores na fase de crescimento final (engorda) do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum, em sistema semi-intensivo, sob as perspectivas limnológica, zootécnica e da sustentabilidade. Foi realizado um experimento em 12 viveiros de fundo natural (0,01ha), estocados com 40 juvenis.m-2, no qual testou-se os seguintes tratamentos: sem aeração + sem renovação de água (SS), aeração diurna + sem renovação de água (AD), aeração noturna + sem renovação de água (AN) e fluxo contínuo de água (FC). Observou-se que a aeração e o fluxo contínuo de água foram eficientes para quebrar a estratificação térmica e do oxigênio nos viveiros e nenhum tratamento influiu no acúmulo de subprodutos na coluna d´água ou no sedimento. No entanto, isso não afetou a sobrevivência, ganho de peso e produtividade dos camarões. Portanto, embora sob a perspectiva limnológica a renovação da água e a aplicação de aeração criem condições mais favoráveis, sob o ponto de vista zootécnico não há diferenças entre os tratamentos. Para o estudo da sustentabilidade, realizou-se uma simulação de cultivo comercial da espécie, embasada nos resultados do experimento realizado e na literatura disponível. A seguir, aplicou-se uma análise emergética. As transformidades encontradas variaram de 5,19E+02 a 1,51E+03 sej.J-1, aumentando com uso da aeração e renovação da água. O valor de renovabilidade foi 90,5% em FC e ~70% nos demais. Os valores de razão de carga ambiental (ELR) foram 0,1 em FC e 0,4 nos demais, indicando baixo impacto ambiental causado pela atividade em todos os tratamentos. O cultivo SS apresentou a menor pegada ecológica (adaptada pela análise emergética). Nenhum sistema mostrou rentabilidade sob a visão econômica biofísica. O cultivo de...
The aim of this work was to study the use of water and aerators in the grow-out phase of the amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum in a semi-intensive system, under the limnological, zootechnical and sustainable perspectives. An experiment was conducted using 12 earthen ponds (0.01 ha) stocked 40 juveniles.m-2, in which the following treatments were tested: no aeration + no water exchange (NN), diurnal aeration + no water exchange (DA), nocturnal aeration + no water exchange (NA) and continuous water flow (CF). It was observed that aeration and continuos water flow were efficient to break thermal and oxygen stratification and none of the treatments influenced by-products accumulation in water column or sediments. However, it did not affect survival, weight gain and productivity of prawns. Thus, although under the limnological perspective water exchange and the use of aerators create more favourable conditions, on the zootechnical view there is no difference among treatments. To evaluate sustainability, a simulation of a M. amazonicum commercial farming was performed, based on the results found in the experiment and the available literature. Then, an emergy analysis was applied. Transformities found varied from 5,19E+02 to 1,51E+03 sej.J-1, being higher when using aerators and water exchange. Renewability value was 90,5% in CF and ~70% in other treatments. The values of the Environmental Loading Ratio were 0.1 in CF and 0.4 in the other treatments, indicating low environmental impact caused by the activity in all treatments. Farming praws with NN presented the lowest ecological footprint (adapted from the emergy analysis). None of the systems showed profitability under the biophysical economic approach. The M. amazonicum grow-out presented itself more sustainable than... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The aim of this work was to study the use of water and aerators in the grow-out phase of the amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum in a semi-intensive system, under the limnological, zootechnical and sustainable perspectives. An experiment was conducted using 12 earthen ponds (0.01 ha) stocked 40 juveniles.m-2, in which the following treatments were tested: no aeration + no water exchange (NN), diurnal aeration + no water exchange (DA), nocturnal aeration + no water exchange (NA) and continuous water flow (CF). It was observed that aeration and continuos water flow were efficient to break thermal and oxygen stratification and none of the treatments influenced by-products accumulation in water column or sediments. However, it did not affect survival, weight gain and productivity of prawns. Thus, although under the limnological perspective water exchange and the use of aerators create more favourable conditions, on the zootechnical view there is no difference among treatments. To evaluate sustainability, a simulation of a M. amazonicum commercial farming was performed, based on the results found in the experiment and the available literature. Then, an emergy analysis was applied. Transformities found varied from 5,19E+02 to 1,51E+03 sej.J-1, being higher when using aerators and water exchange. Renewability value was 90,5% in CF and ~70% in other treatments. The values of the Environmental Loading Ratio were 0.1 in CF and 0.4 in the other treatments, indicating low environmental impact caused by the activity in all treatments. Farming praws with NN presented the lowest ecological footprint (adapted from the emergy analysis). None of the systems showed profitability under the biophysical economic approach. The M. amazonicum grow-out presented itself more sustainable than... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Camarão, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Sustentabilidade, Carcinicultura, Sustainability
Como citar
KIMPARA, Janaina Mitsue. Sustentabilidade, manejo da água e da aeração no cultivo semi-intensivo do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum em água hipereutrófica). 2011. xii, 179 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aquicultura, 2011.