Controle de movimentos de pacientes paraplégicos utilizando modelos fuzzy T-S
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Data
2009-06-26
Autores
Gaino, Ruberlei [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram realizados estudos, projetos e simulações do controle não-linear da posição da perna de um paraplégico, com eletroestimulação, utilizando modelos fuzzy Takagi- Sugeno (T-S). Nessa pesquisa, foi adotado um modelo matemático que utiliza uma relação empírica do torque do músculo com a largura de pulso, representada por uma função de transferência de primeira ordem. A modelagem da dinâmica do modelo do paciente paraplégico foi realizada com variáveis de estado. Projetou-se um regulador fuzzy (T-S), inicialmente no ponto de operação com a posição da perna em 30o, utilizando-se a teoria de Lyapunov para o estudo da estabilidade dos sistemas dinâmicos e o projeto do controlador baseado em desigualdades matriciais lineares (Linear Matrix Inequalities, LMI). As especificações consideradas neste projeto foram a estabilidade, a taxa de decaimento e restrições nos sinais de entrada e saída. Foi também projetado um observador de estado e regulador com observador de estado, todos não-lineares e contínuos no tempo, para o paciente paraplégico, também baseado em LMI, no ponto de operação com a posição da perna em 60o. Devido a necessidade de implementação em hardware, um modelo discretizado foi proposto, para a obtenção de modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno discretos no tempo, a partir de modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno contínuos no tempo, considerando períodos de amostragem suficientemente pequenos. Análises te´oricas e simulações digitais comprovaram a sua eficácia. Reguladores com observadores contínuos no tempo, considerando o rastreamento da posição da perna de um paraplégico e uso de variáveis virtuais foram também propostos. Neste projeto, pôde-se variar a posição angular desejada sem a necessidade do cálculo do novo ponto de operação e do projeto de um novo controlador para cada ponto de operação. Um método de identificação de modelos locais...
This thesis presents studies, designs and simulations about the use of functional electrical stimulation, to control the leg position of a paraplegic patient. The plant is described by a nonlinear system using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models and a closed-loop control is presented. A transfer function represents the mathematical model related to the muscle torque and the pulse width. Considering the operation point at 30◦ and all state variables available, then a fuzzy regulator was designed. This design was based on the Lyapunov stability, Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), and considered the following specifications: decay rate, and input and output constraints. Moreover, the design of a state observer, also based on LMIs, to obtain a continuous-time regulator with an observer in the operation at 60◦ was presented. Due to the necessity of implementation in hardware, a new method to obtain a discrete-time T-S model of plants described by continuous-time nonlinear T-S models, considering small sampling periods was proposed. Another new methodology was proposed to design continuous-time regulators and observers, through the signal tracking (leg position of paraplegics) and the use of virtual variables. This procedure allows the tracking of the angular position, without the design of a new controller for each operation point. A new method for the identification of T-S local models, where the input is a step and the system operates around the operation point of the wanted local model was proposed. This procedure is based on LMI. Other new method, using state-derivative feedback, was proposed for the control of the leg position of a paraplegic patient, described by a T-S model, using only accelerometers as sensors. All the simulated results in this thesis show that the proposed procedures are efficient and offer good results to this control problem class.
This thesis presents studies, designs and simulations about the use of functional electrical stimulation, to control the leg position of a paraplegic patient. The plant is described by a nonlinear system using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models and a closed-loop control is presented. A transfer function represents the mathematical model related to the muscle torque and the pulse width. Considering the operation point at 30◦ and all state variables available, then a fuzzy regulator was designed. This design was based on the Lyapunov stability, Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), and considered the following specifications: decay rate, and input and output constraints. Moreover, the design of a state observer, also based on LMIs, to obtain a continuous-time regulator with an observer in the operation at 60◦ was presented. Due to the necessity of implementation in hardware, a new method to obtain a discrete-time T-S model of plants described by continuous-time nonlinear T-S models, considering small sampling periods was proposed. Another new methodology was proposed to design continuous-time regulators and observers, through the signal tracking (leg position of paraplegics) and the use of virtual variables. This procedure allows the tracking of the angular position, without the design of a new controller for each operation point. A new method for the identification of T-S local models, where the input is a step and the system operates around the operation point of the wanted local model was proposed. This procedure is based on LMI. Other new method, using state-derivative feedback, was proposed for the control of the leg position of a paraplegic patient, described by a T-S model, using only accelerometers as sensors. All the simulated results in this thesis show that the proposed procedures are efficient and offer good results to this control problem class.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistemas de controle linear, Sistemas difusos, Paraplegicos, Engenharia biomedica, Eletroestimulação, Paraplegic, Biomedical engineering, Stimulation
Como citar
GAINO, Ruberlei. Controle de movimentos de pacientes paraplégicos utilizando modelos fuzzy T-S. 2009. 178 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2009.