Valoração de serviços ancilares de geradores distribuídos
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Data
2012-02-24
Autores
Rueda Medina, Augusto César [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo principal deste projeto é o desenvolvimento de metodologias que indiquem os custos reais de determinados serviços ancilares de geradores distribuídos, e como podem contribuir, com estes serviços, para melhoria da qualidade do fornecimento de energia na distribuição, subtransmissão e até transmissão. Estas metodologias deverão fornecer os custos destes serviços, bem como os benefícios para o sistema elétrico, além de identificar quem e quanto oferece de cada serviço para a operação segura e dentro dos procedimentos preestabelecidos. Para o desenvolvimento dos algoritmos de solução são considerados dois tipos de geração distribuida: geradores distribuídos com variabilidade da fonte primária de energia mínima ou desprezível (microturbinas a gás, pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, geradores em usinas de açúcar e álcool, etc.), e geradores distribuídos que tem forte dependência das variações da fonte primária de energia (principalmente turbinas eólicas e sistemas fotovoltaicos). Este último grupo de geradores precisa de considerações mais elaboradas que incluam as incertezas na geração de energia. Este assunto é tratado através de Simulações de Monte Carlo, Cadeias de Markov e Lógica Fuzzy. Através das Simulações de Monte Carlo são realizados fluxos de potência probabilísticos em múltiplos cenarios, enquanto que com as Cadeias de Markov e a Lógica Fuzzy são descritas as séries de tempo relacionadas com a geração de potência ativa dos geradores distribuídos. Também sãoconsiderados vários objetivos a serem otimizados através de técnicas multiobjetivo, observando principalmente as perdas de potência nas linhas do sistema, os custos de geração dos geradores distribuídos e a estabilidade de tensão...
The main objective of this project is to develop methodologies to indicate the real costs of certain ancillary services when they are delivered by distributed generators, and how they can contribute, with these services, to improve the quality of power supply in distribution, subtransmission and even transmission systems. These methodologies should provide the costs of these services and benefits to the electrical system as a whole, and they should also identify who and how much of each service provides for the safe operation and within the pre-established procedures. Two types of distributed generation are considered for the development of solution algorithms: distributed generators with minimal or negligible variability of the primary energy source (gas micro-turbines, small hydroelectric plants, generators in sugar and alcohol plants, etc.), and distributed generators that have strong dependence on variations of the primary energy source (mainly wind turbines and photovoltaic systems). This latter group of generators need more elaborate considerations to include the uncertainties in power generation. This matter is addressed through Monte Carlo Simulations, Markov Chains and Fuzzy Logic. Through Monte Carlo Simulations probabilistic power flows in multiple scenarios are performed, while with Markov Chains and Fuzzy Logic the time series related to the active power generation of distributed generators are described. Several objectives are also considered to be optimized by multi-objective techniques, noting particularly the power losses in the lines of the system, generation costs of distributed generators and voltage stability of the system. The ancillary services considered in this work are reactive power support, reserves for frequency control and secondary frequency control. Reactive power support... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The main objective of this project is to develop methodologies to indicate the real costs of certain ancillary services when they are delivered by distributed generators, and how they can contribute, with these services, to improve the quality of power supply in distribution, subtransmission and even transmission systems. These methodologies should provide the costs of these services and benefits to the electrical system as a whole, and they should also identify who and how much of each service provides for the safe operation and within the pre-established procedures. Two types of distributed generation are considered for the development of solution algorithms: distributed generators with minimal or negligible variability of the primary energy source (gas micro-turbines, small hydroelectric plants, generators in sugar and alcohol plants, etc.), and distributed generators that have strong dependence on variations of the primary energy source (mainly wind turbines and photovoltaic systems). This latter group of generators need more elaborate considerations to include the uncertainties in power generation. This matter is addressed through Monte Carlo Simulations, Markov Chains and Fuzzy Logic. Through Monte Carlo Simulations probabilistic power flows in multiple scenarios are performed, while with Markov Chains and Fuzzy Logic the time series related to the active power generation of distributed generators are described. Several objectives are also considered to be optimized by multi-objective techniques, noting particularly the power losses in the lines of the system, generation costs of distributed generators and voltage stability of the system. The ancillary services considered in this work are reactive power support, reserves for frequency control and secondary frequency control. Reactive power support... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Energia elétrica - Distribuição, Energia eletrica - Transmissão, Sistemas de energia eletrica, Distribution systems
Como citar
RUEDA MEDINA, Augusto César. Valoração de serviços ancilares de geradores distribuídos. 2012. 169 f. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2012.