Estudo estrutural de proteínas alvo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Data
2007-03-02
Autores
Dias, Marcio Vinicius Bertacine [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tuberculose representa hoje um dos principais problemas de saúde pública mundial. É estimado que cerca de cem milhões de pessoas sejam infectadas anualmente. Para este grande número de casos, dois fatores têm contribuído significativamente, a resistência da Mycobacterium tuberculosis aos antibióticos existentes e o aumento de casos de co-infecção com HIV. Por isso, é importante o desenvolvimento de novas drogas contra o seu agente causador. Há duas abordagens principais para o desenvolvimento de drogas. Primeiramente pode-se identificar e inibir proteínas que estejam presentes em uma determinada classe de microorganismos, mas não sejam conservadas em humanos, levando a antibióticos de largo espectro, ou ainda pode-se identificar e inibir proteínas de um determinado microorganismo, levando a drogas específicas. Exemplos da primeira abordagem são as enzimas da via do ácido chiquímico e suas ramificações, como a via de síntese de triptofano. A via do ácido chiquímico é responsável pela biossíntese de corismato, que é o precursor comum utilizado na geração de vários compostos aromáticos importantes para sobrevivência da bactéria, entre eles os aminoácidos e co-enzimas; e exemplos da segunda abordagem são enzimas relacionadas com a síntese de ácidos micólicos, que são importantes constituintes da parede celular de micobactérias. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar estudos estruturais de quatro proteínas que são alvos em potencial para o desenvolvimento de drogas contra tuberculose, sendo elas: a Chiquimato quinase e Corisamto sintase, ambas da via do ácido chiquímico; Triptofano sintase, última enzima da via de síntese de triptofano; e a enzima dependente de NADH enoil ACP redutase (InhA), relacionada com a síntese de ácidos micólicos...
Tuberculosis represents today a large problem of world public health. It is estimated that approximately a hundred million people are infected annually. For this large number of cases, two factors have contributed significantly, the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to existent antibiotics and the increase of the cases of the co-infection with HIV. Therefore, the development of new drugs against its etiologic agent is important. There are two main approaches for the development of drugs. Firstly, proteins of a determined class of microorganism, that are not present in humans, can be identified and inhibited leading to large-spectra antibiotics; or it can identify and inhibit proteins of a determined organism leading to specific drugs. Examples of the first approach are enzymes of the shikimate pathway and its branches, such as the tryptophan synthesis pathway. The shikimate pathway is responsible for biosynthesis of chorismate, it is a common precursor utilized in the production of various important aromatic compounds used in the survival of the bacteria, such as amino acids and coenzymes; an example of the second approach are enzymes related to the synthesis of mycolic acids, they are important constituents of the cellular wall of mycobacteria. The objective of the present work was to perform structural studies of four enzymes that are potential targets to the development of drugs against tuberculosis, such as: shikimate kinase and chorismate synthase, both of the shikimate pathway; tryptophan synthase, last enzyme of the trytophan pathway; and the dependent of NADH enzyme enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) related to the synthesis of mycolic acids. Here, the shikimate kinase structures from M. tuberculosis in complex with ADP and magnesium ion, in the absence of shikimate and the shikimate kinase in complex with ADP and shikimate, in the absence of the magnesium ion, are presented...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
Tuberculosis represents today a large problem of world public health. It is estimated that approximately a hundred million people are infected annually. For this large number of cases, two factors have contributed significantly, the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to existent antibiotics and the increase of the cases of the co-infection with HIV. Therefore, the development of new drugs against its etiologic agent is important. There are two main approaches for the development of drugs. Firstly, proteins of a determined class of microorganism, that are not present in humans, can be identified and inhibited leading to large-spectra antibiotics; or it can identify and inhibit proteins of a determined organism leading to specific drugs. Examples of the first approach are enzymes of the shikimate pathway and its branches, such as the tryptophan synthesis pathway. The shikimate pathway is responsible for biosynthesis of chorismate, it is a common precursor utilized in the production of various important aromatic compounds used in the survival of the bacteria, such as amino acids and coenzymes; an example of the second approach are enzymes related to the synthesis of mycolic acids, they are important constituents of the cellular wall of mycobacteria. The objective of the present work was to perform structural studies of four enzymes that are potential targets to the development of drugs against tuberculosis, such as: shikimate kinase and chorismate synthase, both of the shikimate pathway; tryptophan synthase, last enzyme of the trytophan pathway; and the dependent of NADH enzyme enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) related to the synthesis of mycolic acids. Here, the shikimate kinase structures from M. tuberculosis in complex with ADP and magnesium ion, in the absence of shikimate and the shikimate kinase in complex with ADP and shikimate, in the absence of the magnesium ion, are presented...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biologia molecular, Biofísica, Cristalografia de raio X, Proteínas - Estrutura, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bioinformática estrutural, Biofísica molecular, Drogas - Desenho e construção, Enzimas alvo, Isoniazida, Proteins, Tuberculosis
Como citar
DIAS, Marcio Vinicius Bertacine. Estudo estrutural de proteínas alvo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2007. 125 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2007.