Estrutura da icitiofauna e integridade biótica de riachos em fragmentos florestais remanescentes no noroeste Paulista
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Data
2010-02-26
Autores
Ferreira, Cristiane de Paula [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo de fragmentação florestal, quando desencadeado por interferência antrópica, acarreta simplificação das relações dentro dos ecossistemas, pois há perda de vários aspectos de estrutura e função do ecossistema. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi avaliar as condições físico- químicas, estruturais e bióticas de riachos associados a fragmentos florestais em diferentes tipos de uso do solo na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, onde restam apenas 3,6% de vegetação natural. Foram levantadas algumas questões referentes a esses ambientes: i) se haveria influência dos descritores abióticos sobre a ictiofauna; ii) se haveria diferença na composição de espécies de peixes considerando os diferentes tipos de uso do solo e a localização dos riachos (borda ou interior); iii) se ocorreria influência da sazonalidade na estrutura das comunidades e em sua estrutura trófica; iv) se poderia ocorrer diferença na estrutura trófica entre os riachos de borda e interior; v) se a integridade biótica desses riachos seria maior que a integridade encontrada para riachos de mesmo porte em áreas desflorestadas; vi) se a integridade biótica dos trechos estudados no interior dos fragmentos seria maior que dos trechos de borda. Para investigar essas questões nove trechos de riachos (75 m de extensão) foram amostrados em três ocasiões no período seco (2007) e três no período chuvoso (2008). As semelhanças em composição de espécies com relação ao uso do solo, sazonalidade e posição dos trechos foram avaliadas por meio de índices de similaridade; influência dos descritores abióticos sobre as comunidades por meio da Análise de Correspondência Canônica; a relação entre abundância e biomassa foi avaliada por meio das curvas ABC; a estrutura trófica das comunidades foi estudada através da identificação dos itens mais importantes, da determinação...
The process of forest fragmentation, when promoted by anthropogenic interference, leads to simplification of the relationships within ecosystems, because several aspects of structure and ecosystem function could be lost. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical, structural and biotic aspects of streams associated with forest fragments in different types of land use in the northwest region of Sao Paulo, in where only 3.6% of the natural vegetation remains. We investigated some issues related to these environments: i) whether there was influence of the abiotic descriptors on the fish fauna, ii) whether there was difference in fish species composition considering the different types of land use and location of streams (edge or interior), iii) whether it would be seasonal influences in both community and trophic structure, iv) if could occur differences in trophic structure between edge and interior streams, v) if the biotic integrity of interior streams would be greater than that of deforested areas; vi) if the biotic integrity of interior stretches would be higher than that of edge stretches. To investigate these questions nine stream reaches (75 m in length) were sampled in three field trips in the dry season (2007) and three during the wet season (2008). The similarities in species composition in relation to land use, seasonality and stretches location were evaluated using similarity indices, the influence of abiotic descriptors on the communities by Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the relationship between abundance and biomass was assessed through curves ABC; the trophic structure of communities was studied by identifying the most important items, the determining trophic groups and evaluating the relationship between abiotic descriptors with trophic groups. To assess the biotic integrity of the studied sites, species data of the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The process of forest fragmentation, when promoted by anthropogenic interference, leads to simplification of the relationships within ecosystems, because several aspects of structure and ecosystem function could be lost. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical, structural and biotic aspects of streams associated with forest fragments in different types of land use in the northwest region of Sao Paulo, in where only 3.6% of the natural vegetation remains. We investigated some issues related to these environments: i) whether there was influence of the abiotic descriptors on the fish fauna, ii) whether there was difference in fish species composition considering the different types of land use and location of streams (edge or interior), iii) whether it would be seasonal influences in both community and trophic structure, iv) if could occur differences in trophic structure between edge and interior streams, v) if the biotic integrity of interior streams would be greater than that of deforested areas; vi) if the biotic integrity of interior stretches would be higher than that of edge stretches. To investigate these questions nine stream reaches (75 m in length) were sampled in three field trips in the dry season (2007) and three during the wet season (2008). The similarities in species composition in relation to land use, seasonality and stretches location were evaluated using similarity indices, the influence of abiotic descriptors on the communities by Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the relationship between abundance and biomass was assessed through curves ABC; the trophic structure of communities was studied by identifying the most important items, the determining trophic groups and evaluating the relationship between abiotic descriptors with trophic groups. To assess the biotic integrity of the studied sites, species data of the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Animal ecology, Ecosystems, Ecologia animal, Peixe de agua doce - Ecologia, Ecossistemas, Mata ciliar, Riachos - Remanescentes florestais, Agroecossistema, Ecossistema lótico, Integridade biótica, Mata ciliar - Recuperação, Riachos - Alto Rio Paraná
Como citar
FERREIRA, Cristiane de Paula. Estrutura da icitiofauna e integridade biótica de riachos em fragmentos florestais remanescentes no noroeste Paulista. 2010. 167 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2010.