Avaliação da genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade de misturas comerciais de diesel e biodiesel puras e em simulações de vazamento em água e solo
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Data
2010-12-20
Autores
Leme, Daniela Morais [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A questão energética é hoje um tema de preocupação mundial. A limitação das fontes de energia fóssil e seus efeitos indesejáveis ao meio ambiente têm estimulado a busca de novas fontes alternativas, desde que renováveis. Em diversos países, como no Brasil, têm sido destinados grandes incentivos ao desenvolvimento do setor de biocombustíveis, no qual se inclui o biodiesel. O futuro promissor do biodiesel está relacionado não apenas ao fato de ser um combustível renovável, mas também às suas contribuições na redução da emissão de poluentes atmosféricos e à sua maior degradabilidade, em relação aos combustíveis fósseis. No entanto, poucos são os estudos realizados com o biodiesel para avaliar os seus possíveis impactos, quando usados puro ou em misturas ao óleo diesel, sobre o ambiente (principalmente corpos d’águas e solos) e sobre os organismos vivos, em caso de uma possível contaminação ambiental. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade do biodiesel e de suas misturas com diesel (B5, B20 e B50), por meio de simulações de vazamento em água e solo. As simulações foram realizadas no verão, para caracterizar um vazamento em condições tropicais, sendo aplicados diferentes ensaios biológicos [teste de Allium cepa, ensaio Salmonella/microssoma, ensaios de mutagenicidade com células CHO-K1 e HepG2 in vitro, ensaio para detecção de indução de morte celular (alterações do ΔΨm, externalização da fosfatidilserina), avaliação da citotoxicidade em tempo real (sistema xCELLigence™)] nas amostras de água e solo obtidas nos experimentos. Foi observada no presente estudo uma significativa citotoxicidade, que foi relacionada com constituintes do óleo diesel, mais especificamente, com os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (PAHs). Já os efeitos genotóxicos/mutagênicos, observados...
The energy-related issue is currently a subject that causes world concern. The limitations of fossil energy sources and their undesirable effects upon the environment have encouraged the search for new alternative sources, as long as they are renewable ones. In several countries, like Brazil, great incentives have been allocated to the development of the biofuel sector, and that includes biodiesel. The promising future of biodiesel is related not only the fact of being a renewable biofuel, but also to its contribution to reducing release of air pollutants and its higher degradability when compared to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, not enough studies have been conducted with biodiesel to evaluate their possible impacts – either when they are used crude or in biodiesel blends – upon both the environment (especially water bodies and soils) and living organisms, should there be environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to assess toxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of biodiesel and its diesel blends (B5, B20 and B50), by simulating spills into water and soil. The simulations were carried out in the summer in order to characterize a spill under tropical conditions, and different assays [Allium cepa test, Salmonella mutagenicity assay, in vitro mutagenicity assays with CHO-K1 and HepG2 cells line, detection of cell death inductions (changes in ΔΨm, phosphatidylserine externalization), cytotoxicity assessment by xCELLigence™ system] were conducted using soil and water samples obtained in the experiment. In this study, significant citotoxicity was observed, which was found to be related to biodiesel contaminants, even more specifically, to its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). On the other hand, the genotoxic/mutagenic effects observed in the other assays done with diesel and biodiesel proved to result from the action of pollutants present in the raw material used... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The energy-related issue is currently a subject that causes world concern. The limitations of fossil energy sources and their undesirable effects upon the environment have encouraged the search for new alternative sources, as long as they are renewable ones. In several countries, like Brazil, great incentives have been allocated to the development of the biofuel sector, and that includes biodiesel. The promising future of biodiesel is related not only the fact of being a renewable biofuel, but also to its contribution to reducing release of air pollutants and its higher degradability when compared to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, not enough studies have been conducted with biodiesel to evaluate their possible impacts – either when they are used crude or in biodiesel blends – upon both the environment (especially water bodies and soils) and living organisms, should there be environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to assess toxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of biodiesel and its diesel blends (B5, B20 and B50), by simulating spills into water and soil. The simulations were carried out in the summer in order to characterize a spill under tropical conditions, and different assays [Allium cepa test, Salmonella mutagenicity assay, in vitro mutagenicity assays with CHO-K1 and HepG2 cells line, detection of cell death inductions (changes in ΔΨm, phosphatidylserine externalization), cytotoxicity assessment by xCELLigence™ system] were conducted using soil and water samples obtained in the experiment. In this study, significant citotoxicity was observed, which was found to be related to biodiesel contaminants, even more specifically, to its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). On the other hand, the genotoxic/mutagenic effects observed in the other assays done with diesel and biodiesel proved to result from the action of pollutants present in the raw material used... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biologia molecular, Mutagenese, Biodiesel, Água - Poluição, Solo - Contaminação, Citotoxicidade, Genotoxicidade, Mutagenicidade, Biodiesel de soja, Diesel, Soybean biodiesel, Water and soil contamination, Genotoxicity and mutagenicity, Cytoxicity
Como citar
LEME, Daniela Morais. Avaliação da genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade de misturas comerciais de diesel e biodiesel puras e em simulações de vazamento em água e solo. 2010. 207 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2010.