Contribuição à análise do processo de africanização de Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, apidae): características do desenvolvimento das glândulas de Dufour e de veneno
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2003-10-03
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Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Neste estudo foram analisados, histologicamente, o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário das glândulas de veneno e de Dufour, bem como os efeitos da aplicação tópica de hormônio juvenil, sobre a glândula de veneno do híbrido de Apis mellifera L., conhecido como abelha africanizada. Análises morfométricas comparativas das glândulas de veneno e de Dufour e bioquímicas da glândula de veneno da abelha africanizada e de três subespécies, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carnica e A. m. caucasica, foram, também, realizadas. As análises histológicas do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário mostraram que existem três pares de discos imaginais presentes no 7 , 8 e 9 segmentos larvais. Durante a metamorfose o par de discos do 7 segmento forma a placa subgenital, aquele do 8 origina as lancetas do ferrão e o par presente no 9 segmento origina as glândulas de veneno e de Dufour, além dos palpos do ferrão e bainha. Conforme mostrado histologicamente, as transformações glandulares que ocorrem durante a metamorfose, não foram influenciadas pelo hormônio juvenil exógeno, mas houve aceleração do ciclo secretor glandular em relação ao controle, em todas as idades analisadas nas glândulas de operárias que receberam aplicação de hormônio juvenil diluído em hexano e de hexano puro, durante o 5º estágio e na emergência. Estes dados indicam que o hormônio juvenil atua sobre a glândula de veneno e que esta atuação pode estar sendo potencializada pelo solvente utilizado. As análises morfométricas e bioquímicas comparativas da glândula de veneno mostraram que, as glândulas de abelhas africanizadas, tanto de operárias quanto de rainhas, apesar de maiores do que as das subespécies, possuem menor teor de proteína total. O perfil eletroforético protéico de tais glândulas revelaram que a única diferença entre as operárias ocorreu nas recém-emergidas de... .
The present histological investigation analyzed the post-embryonary development of the Dufour and venom glands, as well as the juvenile hormone effect on the venom gland in Apis mellifera hybrids, which are also known as Africanized bees. Comparative morphometric and biochemical analyses of the venom gland in Africanized bee and in three subspecies, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carnica and A. m. caucasica, were also done. The histological post-embryonary development results showed three pair of imaginal discs present in segments 7th, 8th and 9th. During the metamorphosis, the pair of imaginal discs of segment 7th originates the subgenital plate, those of segment 8th originates the sting lancets and the pair of segment 9th originates the Dufour and venom glands, besides originates the oblong plates and sheath lobes of the sting. As shown by the histology, the glandular changes that occur in the venom gland during metamorphosis of workers treated with diluted juvenile hormone and pure hexane during 5th instars and emergence are not influenced by the exogenous juvenile hormone, but there was an increasing of the glandular cycle in relationship to the control. These data suggest that the juvenile hormone actuate on the venom gland and the solvent used may enhance such juvenile hormone action. The comparative morphometric and biochemical analyses of the venom gland showed that although the Africanized bee glands are larger than the subspecies, both workers and queens presented less amount of total protein. The eletrophoretic profile of the venom glands showed that, among workers, only A. m. caucasia does not present the 105.4 kDa band. Among queens, only A. m. ligustica does not present the 161.3 kDa band. The morphometric analyses showed a gradual increasing of the Dufourþs gland length from newly emerged to forager workers, and from virgin to fecundated queens, indicating that the venom gland is more developed in forager workers and in fecundated queens.
The present histological investigation analyzed the post-embryonary development of the Dufour and venom glands, as well as the juvenile hormone effect on the venom gland in Apis mellifera hybrids, which are also known as Africanized bees. Comparative morphometric and biochemical analyses of the venom gland in Africanized bee and in three subspecies, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carnica and A. m. caucasica, were also done. The histological post-embryonary development results showed three pair of imaginal discs present in segments 7th, 8th and 9th. During the metamorphosis, the pair of imaginal discs of segment 7th originates the subgenital plate, those of segment 8th originates the sting lancets and the pair of segment 9th originates the Dufour and venom glands, besides originates the oblong plates and sheath lobes of the sting. As shown by the histology, the glandular changes that occur in the venom gland during metamorphosis of workers treated with diluted juvenile hormone and pure hexane during 5th instars and emergence are not influenced by the exogenous juvenile hormone, but there was an increasing of the glandular cycle in relationship to the control. These data suggest that the juvenile hormone actuate on the venom gland and the solvent used may enhance such juvenile hormone action. The comparative morphometric and biochemical analyses of the venom gland showed that although the Africanized bee glands are larger than the subspecies, both workers and queens presented less amount of total protein. The eletrophoretic profile of the venom glands showed that, among workers, only A. m. caucasia does not present the 105.4 kDa band. Among queens, only A. m. ligustica does not present the 161.3 kDa band. The morphometric analyses showed a gradual increasing of the Dufourþs gland length from newly emerged to forager workers, and from virgin to fecundated queens, indicating that the venom gland is more developed in forager workers and in fecundated queens.
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NOCELLI, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira. Contribuição à análise do processo de africanização de Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, apidae): características do desenvolvimento das glândulas de Dufour e de veneno. 2003. viii, 100 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2003.