Estudo da lixiviação bacteriana de metais presentes em lodo de esgoto sanitário
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Data
2003-07-03
Autores
Villar, Luciene Dias [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A geração de lodo como resultado do tratamento do esgoto sanitário, embora possa ser minimizada, é inevitável, qualquer que seja o sistema empregado nas estações de tratamento. Sua disposição final tem sido motivo de diversos estudos, os quais apontam, como alternativa mais favorável, sua utilização em áreas agrícolas ou de produção florestal. A presença de metais no lodo, entretanto, pode inviabilizar seu uso como fertilizante ou como condicionador de solos dado ao risco de contaminação ambiental e de acumulação na cadeia trófica. A solubilização de metais presentes no lodo por meio do processo de lixiviação bacteriana tem mostrado resultados promissores, encorajando seu desenvolvimento. A lixiviação bacteriana de metais pode ocorrer diretamente, pela oxidação de sulfetos metálicos ou, indiretamente, pela oxidação de compostos reduzidos de enxofre a sulfato, com a conseqüente solubilização ácida dos metais. As principais bactérias envolvidas nesse processo pertencem ao gênero Thiobacillus, recentemente reclassificado. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se lodo de esgoto, gerado pela Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Franca-SP (ETE-Franca), que opera um sistema de lodos ativados convencional, com tratamento dos lodos primário e secundário por digestão anaeróbia. Amostras de lodo foram caracterizadas quanto à presença dos metais cromo, cobre, chumbo, níquel e zinco. Em um ensaio preliminar, utilizando a linhagem Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans FG01, foi verificado que a utilização de lodo digerido ou lodo não-digerido proporcionou eficiências de solubilização similares para os metais investigados. Desta forma, amostras de lodo digerido anaeróbio foram utilizadas para estudo do efeito dos parâmetros temperatura, pH inicial e concentração de sólidos totais sobre a eficiência e a cinética da lixiviação bacteriana. Nesses ensaios,...
Although sewage sludge generation from sanitary wastewater treatment can be minimized, its production cannot be avoided at any system employed in the wastewater treatment facilities. Sludge final disposal has motivated several research studies, which have pointed out as the most suitable alternative the application of sludge in agricultural and forestry production. However, the presence of metals in sewage sludge may jeopardize its application as fertilizer or soil amendment due to the risk of environmental contamination or accumulation through the trophic chain. Solubilization of metals from sewage sludge by bacterial leaching has showed promising results, encouraging its process development. Bacterial leaching of metals occurs directly by metal sulphide oxidation or, indirectly by oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds to sulphate, with the consequent sludge acidification and metal solubilization. Bacteria from Thiobacillus genus, recently reclassified, are the most important species involved in bacterial leaching. In this work, sludge samples were obtained at the municipal wastewater treatment facility in the city of Franca, state of São Paulo, Brazil, which operates a conventional activated sludge system with treatment of the primary and secondary sewage sludges by anaerobic digestion. Samples were characterized for concentration of the metals chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. A preliminary assay was conducted by using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans FG01, which resulted in similar solubilization efficiencies for digested or not-digested sludges. Effects of temperature, initial pH and total solids concentration were investigated in leaching experiments using anaerobically digested sludge inoculated...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Although sewage sludge generation from sanitary wastewater treatment can be minimized, its production cannot be avoided at any system employed in the wastewater treatment facilities. Sludge final disposal has motivated several research studies, which have pointed out as the most suitable alternative the application of sludge in agricultural and forestry production. However, the presence of metals in sewage sludge may jeopardize its application as fertilizer or soil amendment due to the risk of environmental contamination or accumulation through the trophic chain. Solubilization of metals from sewage sludge by bacterial leaching has showed promising results, encouraging its process development. Bacterial leaching of metals occurs directly by metal sulphide oxidation or, indirectly by oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds to sulphate, with the consequent sludge acidification and metal solubilization. Bacteria from Thiobacillus genus, recently reclassified, are the most important species involved in bacterial leaching. In this work, sludge samples were obtained at the municipal wastewater treatment facility in the city of Franca, state of São Paulo, Brazil, which operates a conventional activated sludge system with treatment of the primary and secondary sewage sludges by anaerobic digestion. Samples were characterized for concentration of the metals chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. A preliminary assay was conducted by using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans FG01, which resulted in similar solubilization efficiencies for digested or not-digested sludges. Effects of temperature, initial pH and total solids concentration were investigated in leaching experiments using anaerobically digested sludge inoculated...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esgotos, Aguas residuais - Analise, Metais - Análise, Wastewater treatment
Como citar
VILLAR, Luciene Dias. Estudo da lixiviação bacteriana de metais presentes em lodo de esgoto sanitário. 2003. 126 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2003.