Perdas de nutrientes por erosão entressulcos sob pastagem irrigada em Uberaba-MG
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Data
2012-12-20
Autores
Bessa, José Antonio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo de erosão do solo é reconhecido como o mais grave dos problemas de degradação ambiental, tornado-se um fator limitante para a produção agropecuária em pastagens mal manejadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de quantificar as perdas de solo, de nutrientes (P, K, Ca e Mg) e de matéria orgânica (MO) por erosão em entressulcos e calcular a taxa de enriquecimento desses elementos no sedimento erodido, em área de pastagem irrigada, com capim Tifton-85, com lotação animal rotacionada, em latossolo vermelho, na região de Uberaba-MG. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com os tratamentos no esquema fatorial (4 x 2), com quatro níveis de cobertura de solo pela gramínea (0%, 25%, 50% e 100% ), duas épocas (um e 20 dias após a saída dos animais da área) e três repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas. As parcelas, com 0,50 m de largura e 0,75 m de comprimento, foram submetidas a chuva simulada com intensidade da média de 60 mm h-1, durante 65 minutos. Os resultados apontam para uma redução significativa (p<0,05) de perdas de solo e de MO, P, K e Mg no sedimento erodido com o aumento da cobertura de solo pela gramínea. A taxa de enriquecimento dos mesmos no sedimento erodido, em área de pastagem irrigada de tifton – 85, com lotação animal rotacionada, são reduzidas quando o percentual de cobertura de solo for superior a 13,7; 27,3; 53 e 72%, para MO, P, K e Mg, respectivamente
The process of soil erosion is recognized as the most serious problem of environmental degradation, becoming a limiting factor for agricultural production in poorly managed pastures. The aim of this study was to quantify soil losses, nutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) and organic matter (OM) by interrill erosion and calculate the enrichment of these elements in the eroded sediment in irrigated pastures areas with Tifton-85 grass, with animal rotational stocking in oxisol in the region of Uberaba-MG. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) with treatments in a factorial scheme(4 x 2) with four levels of soil covering by the grass (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%), two times (one and 20 days after the removal of the animals from the area) and three replications, totaling 24 fractions. Fractions with 0.50 m wide and 0.75 m long, were subjected to simulated rain with average intensity of 60 mm h-1 for 65 minutes. The results point to a significant reduction (p <0.05) of soil loss and organic matter, P, K and Mg in the eroded sediment with increasing of ground covering by the grass. The rate of enrichment of the organic matter, P, K and Mg in the eroded sediment, in irrigated pasture areas with Tifton - 85, with animal rotational stocking are reduced when the percentage of ground covering is greater than 13.7; 27.3; 53 and 72% for OM, P, K and Mg, respectively
The process of soil erosion is recognized as the most serious problem of environmental degradation, becoming a limiting factor for agricultural production in poorly managed pastures. The aim of this study was to quantify soil losses, nutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) and organic matter (OM) by interrill erosion and calculate the enrichment of these elements in the eroded sediment in irrigated pastures areas with Tifton-85 grass, with animal rotational stocking in oxisol in the region of Uberaba-MG. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) with treatments in a factorial scheme(4 x 2) with four levels of soil covering by the grass (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%), two times (one and 20 days after the removal of the animals from the area) and three replications, totaling 24 fractions. Fractions with 0.50 m wide and 0.75 m long, were subjected to simulated rain with average intensity of 60 mm h-1 for 65 minutes. The results point to a significant reduction (p <0.05) of soil loss and organic matter, P, K and Mg in the eroded sediment with increasing of ground covering by the grass. The rate of enrichment of the organic matter, P, K and Mg in the eroded sediment, in irrigated pasture areas with Tifton - 85, with animal rotational stocking are reduced when the percentage of ground covering is greater than 13.7; 27.3; 53 and 72% for OM, P, K and Mg, respectively
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Erosão, Capim-das-bermudas, Solos - Erosão, Gramínea, Plantas forrageiras, Forage plants
Como citar
BESSA, José Antonio. Perdas de nutrientes por erosão entressulcos sob pastagem irrigada em Uberaba-MG. 2012. xiii, 41 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2012.