Mineralização de nitrogênio de solos e de resíduo orgânico em laboratório e em campo
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2013-12-17
Autores
Kuhnen, Fernando [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento da taxa de mineralização do N orgânico é uma medida útil para orientar o manejo da adubação nitrogenada e a aplicação de resíduos orgânicos no solo, de modo a minimizar os riscos de aplicações insuficientes ou excessivas e os riscos de perdas de produção e de poluição ambiental. Os objetivos com este trabalho foram: avaliar métodos de incubação e de fracionamento do N orgânico de solos como índices de disponibilidade de N para plantas; determinar a taxa de mineralização do N do esterco bovino em laboratório e no campo. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos em laboratório, um em casa de vegetação e um em campo. Nos experimentos em laboratório foram determinadas as taxas de mineralização a 28oC, 18oC por 10 horas e 23oC por 14 horas (18/23oC por 10/14h) , e 23oC por 10 horas e 28oC por 14 horas (23/28oC por 10/14h), de 17 amostras de solos do planalto ocidental do Estado de São Paulo, coletadas na camada de 0 a 20 cm. Os experimentos em laboratório foram instalados em sistema de colunas, com lixiviação em intervalos variáveis e duração de 112 dias. Nas mesmas amostras foi aplicado o método Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (N-ISNT) e foram determinadas as frações do N orgânico. No experimento em casa de vegetação com os mesmos 17 solos foi obtido o N absorvido (Nabs) por plantas de milho, que foi usado como referencial de disponibilidade de N para os métodos de laboratório (incubação e fracionamento). A determinação da taxa de mineralização do esterco bovino foi determinada no laboratório, a 23/28oC por 10/14h e, no campo, foi instalado experimento com milho e doses de esterco bovino (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 t ha-1) para determinar a fração de mineralização do N orgânico usando o método da resina trocadora de íons nos tratamentos 0 e 20 t ha-1 de esterco. A temperatura de incubação não afetou a correlação entre as quantidades...
The knowledge of organic N mineralization rate is a useful tool to guide management of nitrogen fertilization and application of organic residues in the soil, so as to minimize the risk of excessive or insufficient applications and the risk of production losses and environmental pollution. The objectives of this study were to evaluate incubation methods and soil organic N fractionation as indices of N availability to plants; and to determine the N mineralization rate of cattle manure in the laboratory and in the field. Four experiments were carried out in the laboratory, one in the greenhouse and in the field. In laboratory experiments were determined mineralization rates at 28oC, 18oC for 10 hours and 23oC for 14 hours (18/23oC by 10/14h), 23oC for 10 hours and 28oC for 14 hours (23/28oC by 10/14h) of 17 soil samples from the western highlands of São Paulo State, collected in the 0 to 20 cm layer. The laboratory experiments were installed in the column system, with leaching at variable intervals during 112 days. In the same samples we applied the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT-N) method and determined the organic N fractions. In greenhouse experiment with the same 17 soils was obtained the N uptake by corn plants (N uptake), which was used as a reference for N availability to laboratory methods (incubation and fractionation). The N mineralization rate of cattle manure (0 and 20 t ha-1) was determined in the laboratory at 23/28oC for 10/14h; and in the field, using the method of anion exchange resin. The incubation temperature did not affect the correlation between the accumulated N mineralized (Nam) and N uptake by corn plants. The Nam obtained by incubation of the soil samples to 18/23oC came closest in absolute values of N uptake and therefore can be considered the best index of available N. The aminoacid-N fraction and the ISNT-N were the best correlated with N uptake and Nam and the ...
The knowledge of organic N mineralization rate is a useful tool to guide management of nitrogen fertilization and application of organic residues in the soil, so as to minimize the risk of excessive or insufficient applications and the risk of production losses and environmental pollution. The objectives of this study were to evaluate incubation methods and soil organic N fractionation as indices of N availability to plants; and to determine the N mineralization rate of cattle manure in the laboratory and in the field. Four experiments were carried out in the laboratory, one in the greenhouse and in the field. In laboratory experiments were determined mineralization rates at 28oC, 18oC for 10 hours and 23oC for 14 hours (18/23oC by 10/14h), 23oC for 10 hours and 28oC for 14 hours (23/28oC by 10/14h) of 17 soil samples from the western highlands of São Paulo State, collected in the 0 to 20 cm layer. The laboratory experiments were installed in the column system, with leaching at variable intervals during 112 days. In the same samples we applied the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT-N) method and determined the organic N fractions. In greenhouse experiment with the same 17 soils was obtained the N uptake by corn plants (N uptake), which was used as a reference for N availability to laboratory methods (incubation and fractionation). The N mineralization rate of cattle manure (0 and 20 t ha-1) was determined in the laboratory at 23/28oC for 10/14h; and in the field, using the method of anion exchange resin. The incubation temperature did not affect the correlation between the accumulated N mineralized (Nam) and N uptake by corn plants. The Nam obtained by incubation of the soil samples to 18/23oC came closest in absolute values of N uptake and therefore can be considered the best index of available N. The aminoacid-N fraction and the ISNT-N were the best correlated with N uptake and Nam and the ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esterco bovino, Nitrogenio na agricultura, Solos - Analise, Matéria orgânica, Solos - Teor de nitrogenio, Nitrogen in agriculture
Como citar
KUHNEN, Fernando. Mineralização de nitrogênio de solos e de resíduo orgânico em laboratório e em campo. 2013. iii, 64 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.