Bactérias produtoras de biossurfactantes: isolamento, produção, caracterização e comportamento num sistema modelo
Arquivos
Data
2008-06-02
Autores
Bueno, Silvia Messias [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Surfactantes são agentes ativos de superfície amplamente utilizados em vários setores industriais. Estas moléculas, com propriedades anfifílicas, são produzidas química ou biologicamente. A grande maioria dos surfactantes disponíveis comercialmente é sintetizada a partir de derivados do petróleo. Em vista de suas vantagens ecológicas, há um grande interesse comercial na substituição de surfactantes sintéticos por naturais. Nesta pesquisa, foram coletadas cinco amostras de solos contaminados e não contaminados por hidrocarbonetos designadas 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 das quais foram isoladas vinte e oito colônias bacterianas pela técnica de diluição decimal em tubos de ensaio e plaqueamento em placas de Petri contendo meio PCA (Ágar Padrão para Contagem). As bactérias isoladas foram coradas pelo método de Gram para observação das características morfológicas. Destas, apenas treze apresentaram hemólise em placas de Ágar Sangue, o que indicou a presença de biossurfactante. Posteriormente, estas foram cultivadas em meio de produção contendo sais minerais e o caldo de cultura, sem a presença de células, foi utilizado para a determinação da tensão superficial e do índice de emulsificação. As oito bactérias cujos caldos (sem a presença de células) apresentaram diminuição de tensão superficial de no mínimo 20% e índice de emulsificação estável após 24 horas foram selecionadas para realização de testes bioquímicos para identificação. A análise dos resultados destes testes mostrou que as bactérias pertencem ao gênero Bacillus. Foi determinada a otimização da produção de biossurfactantes em caldo de fermentação utilizando diferentes pH (5,0; 6,0; 7,0 e 8,0), tempo de fermentação (48, 72 e 96 horas) e diferentes fontes de carbono (glicose, sacarose, manitol, frutose, glicose + frutose e caldo de cana) nas concentrações 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5%...
Surfactants are surface-active agents widely used in various industries. These molecules, with amphiphilic properties, are produced chemical or biologically. The vast majority of commercially available surfactants is synthesized from oil derivatives. In view of its environmental benefits, there is a large commercial interest in the replacement of natural by synthetic surfactants. In this survey, were collected five samples of contaminated and not contaminated soil by hydrocarbons designated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 which were isolated twenty-eight bacterial colonies by the technique of decimal dilution in test tubes, and plating in Petri dishes containing PCA medium (Plate Count Agar) The bacteria isolated were stained by the method of Gram for observation of morphological characteristics. Of these, only thirteen had haemolysis in blood agar plates, which indicated the presence of biosurfactant. Later, they were grown in a production medium containing minerals and the culture broth, without the presence of cells was used to determine the surface tension and the emulsification index. The eight bacteria whose broths (without the presence of cells) had reduction of surface tension of at least 20% and emulsification index stable after 24 hours were selected to carrying out biochemical test for identification. The results of these tests showed the bacteria belong to the genus Bacillus. It was determined the optimization of production of biosurfactants in fermentation broth using different pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0), fermentation time (48, 72 and 96 hours) and different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, mannitol, fructose, glucose + fructose and cane juice) at concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%. The results showed that pH 5.0 and 7.0; time of 72 hours and fermentation of sucrose at low concentrations had the best production of biosurfactant. The 2C bacteria (Bacillus sp) isolated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Surfactants are surface-active agents widely used in various industries. These molecules, with amphiphilic properties, are produced chemical or biologically. The vast majority of commercially available surfactants is synthesized from oil derivatives. In view of its environmental benefits, there is a large commercial interest in the replacement of natural by synthetic surfactants. In this survey, were collected five samples of contaminated and not contaminated soil by hydrocarbons designated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 which were isolated twenty-eight bacterial colonies by the technique of decimal dilution in test tubes, and plating in Petri dishes containing PCA medium (Plate Count Agar) The bacteria isolated were stained by the method of Gram for observation of morphological characteristics. Of these, only thirteen had haemolysis in blood agar plates, which indicated the presence of biosurfactant. Later, they were grown in a production medium containing minerals and the culture broth, without the presence of cells was used to determine the surface tension and the emulsification index. The eight bacteria whose broths (without the presence of cells) had reduction of surface tension of at least 20% and emulsification index stable after 24 hours were selected to carrying out biochemical test for identification. The results of these tests showed the bacteria belong to the genus Bacillus. It was determined the optimization of production of biosurfactants in fermentation broth using different pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0), fermentation time (48, 72 and 96 hours) and different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, mannitol, fructose, glucose + fructose and cane juice) at concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%. The results showed that pH 5.0 and 7.0; time of 72 hours and fermentation of sucrose at low concentrations had the best production of biosurfactant. The 2C bacteria (Bacillus sp) isolated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agentes ativos de superficies, Detergentes, Tensão superficial, Biosurfactantes, Surfactantes, Bactérias do solo, Biosurfactant, Soil, Producer bacteria and isolation
Como citar
BUENO, Silvia Messias. Bactérias produtoras de biossurfactantes: isolamento, produção, caracterização e comportamento num sistema modelo. 2008. 86 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2008.