Desenvolvimento na indústria de acumulação de energia em baterias chumbo-ácido: processos alternativos de recuperação de chumbo
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Data
2007-11-06
Autores
Chacón Sanhueza, Abel Edmundo [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de dois métodos alternativos para recuperar chumbo. Fusão Alcalina e Eletrohidrometalúrgico. Ambos oferencem a possibilidade de recuperação de outros elementos químicos normalmente perdidos nas escórias. Partindo-se de matérias primas como sucata de baterias chumbo-ácido, resíduos e outras fontes contendo chumbo, a taxa de recuperação foi de 92% a 99% em chumbo com pureza de 99,74%, quando utilizado o método da Fusão Alkalina. Esta taxa foi de 94% em chumbo de 99,99% de pureza, quando empregado o processo Eletrohidrometalúrgico. Cumpre ressaltar que os resíduos gerados por estes métodos são da ordem de 6% a 10% e estão em uma forma química que permite a recuperação de outros metais. Pelo processo convencional (pirometalúrgico), a taxa de recuperação foi de 90% em chumbo com pureza de 98,5% com quantidade de resíduo que chega a 25% do chumbo total produzido e cuja composição obriga o descarte em aterros classe 1. Este trabalho também desenvolve um método para a obtenção de um aditivo que assegura a formação de massas ativas eficientes para placas de baterias chumbo-ácido. O aditivo, à base de sulfato tetrabásico de chumbo (4BS), proporcionou maior reversibilidade ao longo dos dois ciclos, sendo que o tempo de vida útil da bateria dobrou e a quantidade de baterias rejeitadas diminuiu 10% para menos do que 0,5%. Estes índices vêm sendo mantidos durante dois anos em uma empresa do estado de São Paulo, que produz 1000 baterias por mês. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um lacre à base de chumbo que ao ser utilizado nos vasos das baterias durante a sua formação, suprimiu em 97,5% o arraste do ácido sulfúrico para a atmosfera. Finalmente, foi elaborado um processo para tratamento de efluentes liquidos que gera gesso como subproduto e possibilita a reutilização...
This work presents the development of two alternative methods to recycle lead. Alkaline Fuson and Electrohydrometallurgic. Both also offer the possibility to recover other chemical elements that normally are lost as waste. From raw materials such as scrap lead-acid batteries, waste and other sources containing lead, the Alkaline Fusion method yields 92% to 99% of recovering of lead having a purity of 99.74%. Using the Electrohydrometallurgic process, the recovery is 94% of lead of 99.99% purity. It must be emphasized that the generated wastes by these methods are around 6% to 10% and they are in a chemical form, which allows further recycling of other metals. By the conventional process, the pirometallurgic one, it was obtained 90% of recovering of lead of 98.5% purity. Furthermore, the waste amount is around 25% of the total produced lead, whose composition requires an expensive discarding system (Type 1 system). This work also develops a method for obtaining an additive that ensures the efficient active mass formation for lead-acid batteries plates. The additive, constituted by tetrabasic lead sulphate (4BS), provid higher reversibility for charging/discharging cycles being that the battery lifetine increased two folds and the amount of rejected batteries diminished from 10% to less than 0.5%. Such indices are being held for two years in a company of the São Paulo State, Which produces one thousand batteries in a month. In addition, it was developed a lead based sealing device that, when utilized in battery vessel during its formation suppresses the sulfuric acid released to the atmosphere in 97.5%. Finally, it was advanced a process for liquid effluent treatment that produces plaster, a by-product, and allows the reuse of water, since it contains a low metal content. The utilization of the developed methods by a company in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This work presents the development of two alternative methods to recycle lead. Alkaline Fuson and Electrohydrometallurgic. Both also offer the possibility to recover other chemical elements that normally are lost as waste. From raw materials such as scrap lead-acid batteries, waste and other sources containing lead, the Alkaline Fusion method yields 92% to 99% of recovering of lead having a purity of 99.74%. Using the Electrohydrometallurgic process, the recovery is 94% of lead of 99.99% purity. It must be emphasized that the generated wastes by these methods are around 6% to 10% and they are in a chemical form, which allows further recycling of other metals. By the conventional process, the pirometallurgic one, it was obtained 90% of recovering of lead of 98.5% purity. Furthermore, the waste amount is around 25% of the total produced lead, whose composition requires an expensive discarding system (Type 1 system). This work also develops a method for obtaining an additive that ensures the efficient active mass formation for lead-acid batteries plates. The additive, constituted by tetrabasic lead sulphate (4BS), provid higher reversibility for charging/discharging cycles being that the battery lifetine increased two folds and the amount of rejected batteries diminished from 10% to less than 0.5%. Such indices are being held for two years in a company of the São Paulo State, Which produces one thousand batteries in a month. In addition, it was developed a lead based sealing device that, when utilized in battery vessel during its formation suppresses the sulfuric acid released to the atmosphere in 97.5%. Finally, it was advanced a process for liquid effluent treatment that produces plaster, a by-product, and allows the reuse of water, since it contains a low metal content. The utilization of the developed methods by a company in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Meio ambiente, Chumbo - Aditivos, Baterias, Baterias - Chumbo-ácido, Lead-acid battery, Lead recycling
Como citar
CHACÓN SANHUEZA, Abel Edmundo. Desenvolvimento na indústria de acumulação de energia em baterias chumbo-ácido: processos alternativos de recuperação de chumbo. 2007. 121 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, 2007.