Qualidade do café natural e despolpado em diferentes condições de secagem e tempos de armazenamento
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2010-12-17
Autores
Saath, Reni [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando que as etapas de processamento, secagem e armazenamento podem interferir na qualidade final do grão, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, verificar o efeito de diferentes métodos de secagem sobre as alterações sensoriais, físico-químicas, químicas e bioquímicas, ao longo do armazenamento, dos grãos de café natural e despolpado. Dessa forma, frutos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, provenientes da fazenda experimental da UFLA/Lavras-MG foram colhidos no estádio cereja, processados por via seca e via úmida. Cafés despolpados e cafés em sua forma natural passaram por um período de pré-secagem em terreiro, após este, divididos em parcelas distintas e submetidos ao processo de secagem até o café atingir o teor de água de 11% (b.u.), sendo então armazenados. Uma parcela de cada tipo de café permaneceu no terreiro para secagem completa ao sol e as demais foram conduzidas à secagem mecânica com ar aquecido a 40°C; 60°C e 60/40°C. Posteriormente, após o produto estar em equilíbrio com a temperatura ambiente, os cafés foram embalados em saco de juta com capacidade para 5 kg e conduzidos à armazenagem convencional. Em todas as etapas houve o monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. Para a caracterização dos efeitos da secagem e do armazenamento, foram retiradas amostras no início e ao longo do armazenamento, nos tempos 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses. Grãos foram submetidos à análise sensorial, determinação de resíduo mineral fixo, resíduo mineral fixo insolúvel em ácido clorídrico 10%, fibras (FB, FDN, FDA, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose), proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio,acidez graxa, carboidratos totais, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e não redutores , acidez, pH, polifenóis, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes (catalase, superóxido dismutase...
Whereas the stages of processing, drying and storage can affect the final quality of the grain, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on the sensory profile, chemical-physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics, during the storage of natural and pulped coffee. Thus the coffee fruits (Coffee arabica L.) IAC-99, from the experimental farm of UFLA/Lavras, Minas Gerais were harvested cherries, processed by dry and wet. The coffees underwent a pre-drying on yard, after this, divided into distinct portions and carried to the drying process until the coffee reaches the water content of 11% (wb), and then stored. A portion of each type of coffee remained on the yard for complete drying in the sun and the others were taken to mechanical drying with heated air 40°C, 60°C and 60/40°C. After the product is in equilibrium with the ambient temperature, the parcels were packed in jute bags capacity 5 kg and led to conventional storage. The temperature and relative humidity were monitored all stages long. To characterize the effects of drying and storage, samples were taken at the beginning and throughout the storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). Grains were subjected to sensory analysis, determination of ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid 10%, fibers (CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose), crude protein, ether extract, electrical conductivity, leaching of potassium, fat acidity, carbohydrates totals, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing, acidity, pH, polyphenols, activity antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), protein electrophoresis, heat resistant (LEA protein) and enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase), and characterization of fatty acids. The pulped coffee is more tolerant to drying than natural coffee, regardless of drying method with smaller... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Whereas the stages of processing, drying and storage can affect the final quality of the grain, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on the sensory profile, chemical-physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics, during the storage of natural and pulped coffee. Thus the coffee fruits (Coffee arabica L.) IAC-99, from the experimental farm of UFLA/Lavras, Minas Gerais were harvested cherries, processed by dry and wet. The coffees underwent a pre-drying on yard, after this, divided into distinct portions and carried to the drying process until the coffee reaches the water content of 11% (wb), and then stored. A portion of each type of coffee remained on the yard for complete drying in the sun and the others were taken to mechanical drying with heated air 40°C, 60°C and 60/40°C. After the product is in equilibrium with the ambient temperature, the parcels were packed in jute bags capacity 5 kg and led to conventional storage. The temperature and relative humidity were monitored all stages long. To characterize the effects of drying and storage, samples were taken at the beginning and throughout the storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). Grains were subjected to sensory analysis, determination of ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid 10%, fibers (CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose), crude protein, ether extract, electrical conductivity, leaching of potassium, fat acidity, carbohydrates totals, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing, acidity, pH, polyphenols, activity antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), protein electrophoresis, heat resistant (LEA protein) and enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase), and characterization of fatty acids. The pulped coffee is more tolerant to drying than natural coffee, regardless of drying method with smaller... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Café - Qualidade, Acidos graxos, Cultivos agricolas - Tecnologia pos-colheita, Café - Secagem, Café - Composição química, Coffee arabica, Chemical composition, Physiological and sensory quality, Protein profiles and fatty acids
Como citar
SAATH, Reni. Qualidade do café natural e despolpado em diferentes condições de secagem e tempos de armazenamento. 2010. xv, 229 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2010.