Avaliação de sistemas de manejo em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico e na cultura do girassol
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Data
2008-12-01
Autores
Fernandes, Jairo Costa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O girassol é uma oleaginosa de reconhecida importância na alimentação animal, humana, sendo, atualmente, uma das principais matérias-prima para produção de biocombustível. Existem poucos estudos relacionados aos sistemas de manejo do solo adotados para esta cultura. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho quantificar e analisar os efeitos dos sistemas de manejo nos atributos físicos e químicos de um Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico (NVdf), após a colheita do girassol, em uma área cultivada durante 11 anos sob o sistema de semeadura direta, e identificar a velocidade na operação de semeadura que permite o melhor desenvolvimento do girassol. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental do Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, seguindo o esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos efetuados nas parcelas foram: os sistemas de manejo do solo (semeadura direta com mecanismo sulcador tipo haste- SDh; semeadura direta com mecanismo sulcador tipo disco duplo-SDd; cultivo reduzido-CR e cultivo convencional-CC). Nas subparcelas, as velocidades utilizadas para a semeadura foram de 3; 5; 6 e 8 km h-1. Amostras de solo foram coletadas na camada superficial, após a colheita do girassol e analisou-se a textura do solo, densidades, porosidade, diâmetro médio ponderado, percentagem de agregados, resistência do solo à penetração e análise química do solo. Para o desempenho operacional dos equipamentos de preparos do solo e semeadura, foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: velocidade de semeadura, patinagem das rodas motrizes, força média de tração na barra, resistência específica operacional, potência média de tração na barra, consumo horário e operacional de combustível, capacidade de campo teórica e área de solo...
The sunflower is an oleaginous plant of recognized importance in the animal and human feeding, being, at present, one of the main raw materials for bio-fuels production. There are few researches to the soil management systems for this crop. It was objectified in the present work to quantify and to analyze the effect of the management systems in the physical and chemical attributes of a Paleudult, after the harvest of the sunflower, in an area cultivated during 11 years under the system of direct sowing, identify the speed in the sowing operation that allows the best development in the productivity of the sunflower. The experiment was installed in “UNESP – São Paulo State University”, in the Experimental Farm of the Lageado of the Agronomic Sciences College- Botucatu-SP. The experimental was in randomized block design in split plot, with four repetitions. The effected treatments in the plots were: the soil management systems (no-till using furrow opener with mechanism type rod-SDh; no-till using furrow opener with mechanism type double disk-SDd record; minimum tillage-CR and conventional tillage-CC). In the sub plots, the used speeds for the sowing were 3; 5; 6 and 8 km h-1. Soil samples were collected in the surface layer, after the harvest of sunflower and analyzed to soil texture, density, porosity, mean weight diameter, percentage of aggregates, soil resistance to penetration and soil chemistry analysis. For the operational performance of equipment for soil preparation and seeding, were analyzed the following variables: speed of sowing, skating wheels driving, the average tensile strength in the bar, resistance specific operational, average power of the traction bar, time consumption and operational fuel, field capacity and theoretical area of soil mobilized. The variables of the culture of sunflower were evaluated: plant population, longitudinal distribution of plants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The sunflower is an oleaginous plant of recognized importance in the animal and human feeding, being, at present, one of the main raw materials for bio-fuels production. There are few researches to the soil management systems for this crop. It was objectified in the present work to quantify and to analyze the effect of the management systems in the physical and chemical attributes of a Paleudult, after the harvest of the sunflower, in an area cultivated during 11 years under the system of direct sowing, identify the speed in the sowing operation that allows the best development in the productivity of the sunflower. The experiment was installed in “UNESP – São Paulo State University”, in the Experimental Farm of the Lageado of the Agronomic Sciences College- Botucatu-SP. The experimental was in randomized block design in split plot, with four repetitions. The effected treatments in the plots were: the soil management systems (no-till using furrow opener with mechanism type rod-SDh; no-till using furrow opener with mechanism type double disk-SDd record; minimum tillage-CR and conventional tillage-CC). In the sub plots, the used speeds for the sowing were 3; 5; 6 and 8 km h-1. Soil samples were collected in the surface layer, after the harvest of sunflower and analyzed to soil texture, density, porosity, mean weight diameter, percentage of aggregates, soil resistance to penetration and soil chemistry analysis. For the operational performance of equipment for soil preparation and seeding, were analyzed the following variables: speed of sowing, skating wheels driving, the average tensile strength in the bar, resistance specific operational, average power of the traction bar, time consumption and operational fuel, field capacity and theoretical area of soil mobilized. The variables of the culture of sunflower were evaluated: plant population, longitudinal distribution of plants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Semeadura, Sementes oleaginosas, Nitossolo, No-tillage, Oleaginous, Sowing speed
Como citar
FERNANDES, Jairo Costa. Avaliação de sistemas de manejo em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico e na cultura do girassol. 2008. xvii, 173 f. Tese (doutorado) - Univerdade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrônomicas de Botucatu, 2008.