Sistemas de comutação de pontas na barra de pulverização para ajuste do tamanho de gotas às condiçoes climáticas e aplicação em taxas variáveis
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Data
2006-12-14
Autores
Pereira, Flávio José de Sousa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tecnologia de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários não tem sido realizada de maneira adequada por grande parte dos agricultores, causando grandes desperdícios do produto e contaminação ambiental. O tamanho único de gotas durante a pulverização ao longo do dia, independentemente das condições climáticas, é um fator que contribui para a baixa eficiência, causando desperdícios por deriva e ineficiência na cobertura do alvo. Para contornar o problema, uma nova possibilidade seria desenvolver metodologias para ajustar o tamanho de gotas às condições climáticas no momento da pulverização. Com este intuito, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um protótipo de pulverizador com sistema de comutação de pontas na barra de pulverização e avaliar este sistema para ajuste da classe do tamanho de gotas às condições climáticas, além de utilizá-lo para aplicações em taxas variáveis (VRT - Variable Rate Technology), através da comutação de pontas de diferentes vazões. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos algoritmos específicos, denominados algoritmo climático e algoritmo VRT. Foram ensaiados dois sensores de fluxo (fluxômetros de turbina e eletromagnético) para uso no controle da vazão e, também, os sistemas com sensores climáticos (SSCs) de leituras de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, utilizados no sistema de ajuste às condições climáticas. O tempo de comutação das pontas para os dois algoritmos foi determinado e ajustado para que não houvesse falha nem sobreposição durante a comutação. Os tempos de resposta (TR) dos dois sistemas de aplicação foram obtidos com o auxílio de recursos de videografia, através do cálculo da diferença de tempo entre o instante do comando para 2 comutação das pontas e o instante em que ocorria a última fase da operação...
The application technology of pesticides has not been carried through in adequate way by great part of farmers, causing great losses of pesticides and contamination of water sources and adjacent areas. Spraying target with the same drops sizes during all day long, independent of the climatic conditions, is a factor that contributes for this low efficiency, causing wastefulness by drift and inefficiency in spray coverage of the intended target. To skirt the problem, a new possibility is to develop methodologies that can adjust the sizes of drops to climatic conditions while spraying. With this intent, the objective of this work was to develop a spraying prototype with a nozzle commutation system in the spraying bar and, evaluate this system for adjusting the drops sizes to climatic conditions, beyond using it for application in variables rates (VRT - Variable Rate Technology), through the commutation of nozzles of different outflows, based in recommendation map. For this it was developed specifics algorithms, denominated climatic algorithm and VRT algorithm. Sensors were evaluated in order to know its characteristics of performance. It was carried out tests of two sensors of flow (electromagnetic and turbine) to be used in outflow control. It was also assayed systems with climatic sensors (SSCs) of reading of temperature and relative humidity of the air used in a system that adjusted the spray to climatic conditions. The nozzles commutation time was determined for both algorithms and adjusted so that it did not have imperfections nor overlapping during the commutation. The times responses (TR), of the two systems, 4 was obtained with video resources, by calculating the time difference between the instant of the command for nozzles commutation and the instant that happened the last phase... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The application technology of pesticides has not been carried through in adequate way by great part of farmers, causing great losses of pesticides and contamination of water sources and adjacent areas. Spraying target with the same drops sizes during all day long, independent of the climatic conditions, is a factor that contributes for this low efficiency, causing wastefulness by drift and inefficiency in spray coverage of the intended target. To skirt the problem, a new possibility is to develop methodologies that can adjust the sizes of drops to climatic conditions while spraying. With this intent, the objective of this work was to develop a spraying prototype with a nozzle commutation system in the spraying bar and, evaluate this system for adjusting the drops sizes to climatic conditions, beyond using it for application in variables rates (VRT - Variable Rate Technology), through the commutation of nozzles of different outflows, based in recommendation map. For this it was developed specifics algorithms, denominated climatic algorithm and VRT algorithm. Sensors were evaluated in order to know its characteristics of performance. It was carried out tests of two sensors of flow (electromagnetic and turbine) to be used in outflow control. It was also assayed systems with climatic sensors (SSCs) of reading of temperature and relative humidity of the air used in a system that adjusted the spray to climatic conditions. The nozzles commutation time was determined for both algorithms and adjusted so that it did not have imperfections nor overlapping during the commutation. The times responses (TR), of the two systems, 4 was obtained with video resources, by calculating the time difference between the instant of the command for nozzles commutation and the instant that happened the last phase... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura de precisão, Defensivos vegetais - Tecnologia de aplicação, Equipamento de pulverização, Máquinas agrícolas, Climatologia agricola, Precision farming, Variable rate technology, Climatic conditions, Application technology
Como citar
PEREIRA, Flávio José de Sousa. Sistemas de comutação de pontas na barra de pulverização para ajuste do tamanho de gotas às condiçoes climáticas e aplicação em taxas variáveis. 2006. iv, 125 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2006.