Avaliação dos sistemas de redes viárias florestais em função dos custos e do risco de erosão
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Data
2007-12-11
Autores
Marcelino, Flávia Aléssio [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A rede viária é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das atividades florestais. As estradas florestais são importantes vias de acesso às florestas, servindo para viabilizar o tráfego de mão-de-obra e dos meios de produção necessários para implantação, proteção, colheita e transporte dos produtos florestais. A construção inapropriada e a manutenção inadequada das estradas são as principais causas da erosão, logo, os sedimentos das estradas florestais carreados para os cursos d’água representam impactos ambientais negativos aos recursos naturais. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar diferentes sistemas de redes viárias florestais em função dos custos e do risco de erosão. Para a identificação das redes viárias e quantidade de camalhões no sistema de drenagem, utilizou-se o programa computacional SIG-GRASS. O camalhão pode ser um recurso de controle de erosão em estradas florestais, por isso foi estudado uma classificação de distância entre camalhões para manter o fator topográfico LS igual a 1. A aplicação do modelo teórico de distância entre camalhões desenvolvido neste trabalho possibilita dimensionar corretamente o número de camalhões necessários para controlar o risco de erosão em estradas florestais não pavimentadas. Foram estimados os custos anuais de estradas para diferentes sistemas de redes viárias florestais (Ortogonal 1, Ortogonal 2, Readequada 1, Readequada 2 e Nível). Os custos anuais de estradas são compostos pela depreciação, custos de manutenção, custos de oportunidade do capital e custos de oportunidade da terra. O principal custo de estrada da rede viária Ortogonal 1 e 2 foi a manutenção. Entretanto, nas redes viárias Readequada 1 e 2, e Nível o principal custo de estrada foi o custo de oportunidade de capital. Conseqüentemente, com um planejamento adequado da rede viária florestal,...
A roadway system is essential for forest activities development. Road forests are important access ways to the forest areas, being a useful tool to facilitate workers and vehicles traffic to implementation, protection, harvesting and transport of forest products. Roads inappropriate building and maintenance are the main causes of erosion; therefore, road forest sediments carried by water courses represent negative environmental impact to natural resources. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different roadway forest systems in function of costs and erosion risk. The software SIG-GRASS was used for road system identification and cross drains quantification in drainage system. Cross drains could be a resource used to control erosion in forest roads network. Thus, it was studied a classification of distances between cross drains to maintain a LS topographic factor equal 1. Theoretical model application for distance between cross drains may help correctly measurement of cross drain numbers necessary to control erosion risk in unpaved forest roads. Annual costs of roads in different roadway forest networks were estimated (Orthogonal 1, Orthogonal 2, Readequacy 1, Readequacy 2 and Level). Annual costs of roads are composed by depreciation, maintenance costs, capital opportunity costs and land opportunity costs. The main cost of Orthogonal roadway system 1 and 2 was the maintenance. Otherwise, in Readequacy 1 and 2, and Level roadway system the main road cost was with capital opportunity. Consequently, with an adequate forest roadway network planning the costs with maintenance could be reduced, roads life span could be increased and reduce negative impacts caused by roads, mainly erosion and sediments accumulation in rivers.
A roadway system is essential for forest activities development. Road forests are important access ways to the forest areas, being a useful tool to facilitate workers and vehicles traffic to implementation, protection, harvesting and transport of forest products. Roads inappropriate building and maintenance are the main causes of erosion; therefore, road forest sediments carried by water courses represent negative environmental impact to natural resources. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different roadway forest systems in function of costs and erosion risk. The software SIG-GRASS was used for road system identification and cross drains quantification in drainage system. Cross drains could be a resource used to control erosion in forest roads network. Thus, it was studied a classification of distances between cross drains to maintain a LS topographic factor equal 1. Theoretical model application for distance between cross drains may help correctly measurement of cross drain numbers necessary to control erosion risk in unpaved forest roads. Annual costs of roads in different roadway forest networks were estimated (Orthogonal 1, Orthogonal 2, Readequacy 1, Readequacy 2 and Level). Annual costs of roads are composed by depreciation, maintenance costs, capital opportunity costs and land opportunity costs. The main cost of Orthogonal roadway system 1 and 2 was the maintenance. Otherwise, in Readequacy 1 and 2, and Level roadway system the main road cost was with capital opportunity. Consequently, with an adequate forest roadway network planning the costs with maintenance could be reduced, roads life span could be increased and reduce negative impacts caused by roads, mainly erosion and sediments accumulation in rivers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Estradas florestais, Erosão, Camalhão, Cross drain, Forest roads, GRASS, Topographic factor
Como citar
MARCELINO, Flávia Aléssio. Avaliação dos sistemas de redes viárias florestais em função dos custos e do risco de erosão. 2007. v,129p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronônicas de Botucatu, 2007.