Farinha de folhas e amido de mandioca como matérias-primas para misturas e massa alimentícia extrusadas
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Data
2013-09-03
Autores
Trombini, Fernanda Rossi Moretti [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As folhas de mandioca constituem boa fonte de nutrientes o que possibilita sua aplicação como ingrediente para as indústrias alimentícias. Apesar dos elevados teores de proteína, fibras, minerais e vitaminas, as folhas de mandioca contêm cianeto, substância tóxica que impede o seu consumo na forma in natura. No Brasil, as folhas de mandioca têm sido pouco exploradas para fins alimentícios, principalmente pela falta de conhecimento de seus aspectos nutricionais e da viabilidade econômica de sua exploração comercial. No processamento das folhas de mandioca para a obtenção da farinha, produto com ampla potencialidade de utilização como insumo para as indústrias alimentícias, é necessário observar não somente a redução do teor de cianeto, mas também, os aspectos nutricionais e reológicos desta. A extrusão termoplástica vem sendo explorada nos últimos anos no desenvolvimento de diversos produtos alimentícios. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização das folhas de mandioca visando sua possível valorização, como matéria-prima para produtos alimentícios extrusados. O experimento foi conduzido em 3 fases complementares, de acordo com os seguintes objetivos específicos: Experimento I: produzir e caracterizar a farinha de folhas de mandioca quanto à composição química e propriedades de pasta. Experimento II: avaliar os efeitos de parâmetros de extrusão e porcentagem de farinha de folhas de mandioca sobre as propriedades físicas, reológicas e térmicas de farinhas instantâneas. Experimento III: avaliar os efeitos dos parâmetros variáveis do processo de extrusão e composição da matéria-prima sobre a qualidade de massas alimentícias instantâneas. O processo de extrusão dos Experimentos II e III foi realizado em extrusor mono-rosca, em delineamento central composto rotacional para quatro fatores: porcentagem de farinha de folhas em mistura...
Cassava leaves are good source of nutrients which enables its application as an ingredient for the food. Despite high levels of protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins, cassava leaves contain cyanide, a toxic substance that prevents their consumption in natura. In Brazil, cassava leaves have yet been little exploited for food, especially the lack of knowledge of their nutritional value and also the economic viability of commercial exploitation. Processing of cassava leaves to obtain the flour, a product with broad potential for use as raw material for the food, it is necessary to observe not only the reduction of cyanide content, but also the nutritional and rheological aspects of this. The thermoplastic extrusion has been explored in recent years in the development of various food products. Aiming at the enhancement of cassava leaves as raw material for food products, this study was conducted in three complementary experiments which had the following objectives: to produce and characterize cassava leaves flour for chemical composition and total cyanide content (Experiment I); evaluate the effects of extrusion parameters, as well as, the percentage of cassava leaves flour on the physical, rheological and thermal properties of instant flour (Experiment II); evaluate the effects of extrusion process variables and the composition of the raw material on the quality of instant pasta (Experiment III). The extrusion process of the Experiments II and III was performed in single-screw extruder in central composite design for four factors: percentage of cassava leaves flour mixed with cassava starch, moisture of mixtures, extrusion temperature and screw speed. The results obtained in the characterization of cassava leaves flour showed the presence of 23.00 g.100g-1 protein, 30.68 g.100g-1 fiber, 10.23 g.100g-1 ash, 56.6 mg.100g-1 vitamin C, 38.00 mg.100g-1 β-caroten and 0.30 mg.100g-1 total cyanide. In the analy ...
Cassava leaves are good source of nutrients which enables its application as an ingredient for the food. Despite high levels of protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins, cassava leaves contain cyanide, a toxic substance that prevents their consumption in natura. In Brazil, cassava leaves have yet been little exploited for food, especially the lack of knowledge of their nutritional value and also the economic viability of commercial exploitation. Processing of cassava leaves to obtain the flour, a product with broad potential for use as raw material for the food, it is necessary to observe not only the reduction of cyanide content, but also the nutritional and rheological aspects of this. The thermoplastic extrusion has been explored in recent years in the development of various food products. Aiming at the enhancement of cassava leaves as raw material for food products, this study was conducted in three complementary experiments which had the following objectives: to produce and characterize cassava leaves flour for chemical composition and total cyanide content (Experiment I); evaluate the effects of extrusion parameters, as well as, the percentage of cassava leaves flour on the physical, rheological and thermal properties of instant flour (Experiment II); evaluate the effects of extrusion process variables and the composition of the raw material on the quality of instant pasta (Experiment III). The extrusion process of the Experiments II and III was performed in single-screw extruder in central composite design for four factors: percentage of cassava leaves flour mixed with cassava starch, moisture of mixtures, extrusion temperature and screw speed. The results obtained in the characterization of cassava leaves flour showed the presence of 23.00 g.100g-1 protein, 30.68 g.100g-1 fiber, 10.23 g.100g-1 ash, 56.6 mg.100g-1 vitamin C, 38.00 mg.100g-1 β-caroten and 0.30 mg.100g-1 total cyanide. In the analy ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Farinha de mandioca, Mandioca - Analsie foliar, Proteinas na nutrição humana, Fibras na nutrição humana, Viscosidade, Proteins in human nutrition
Como citar
TROMBINI, Fernanda Rossi Moretti. Farinha de folhas e amido de mandioca como matérias-primas para misturas e massa alimentícia extrusadas. 2013. iv, 94 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2013.