Disposição de lodo de esgoto: acúmulo de metais pesados no solo e em plantas de milho (Zea mays L.)
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Data
2003-06
Autores
Pigozzo, Ana Tereza Jordão [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O saneamento básico é importante para o desenvolvimento de uma região. Por meio dele, criam-se condições de higienização necessárias para o bem-estar da população. Com o tratamento, surgem inconvenientes a serem superados: a produção de gases odoríferos e corrosivos e o principal desafio, que é a disposição adequada do lodo de esgoto. Este estudo avalia o comportamento de metais com a aplicação agrícola do lodo de esgoto, além de estimar a quantidade do gás metano. O experimento foi desenvolvido em campo, num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura média, nos anos 2000/2001 e 2001/2002 com quatro safras agrícolas, utilizando-se o lodo de esgoto, sem neutralização, produzido na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto, ETE-1, da SANEPAR - Maringá-PR, com aplicações anuais nas doses de 06, 20, 40, 60, 80 t ha-1 base seca, do material, como fertilizante para o milho, comparado com uma testemunha (sem adição do lodo). Nos dias da incorporação do resíduo foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 5, 20, 40 e 60 cm. Após 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias da incorporação do lodo ao solo, foram colhidas cinco plantas para análises. A cada 30 dias foram avaliados os teores totais e disponíveis na camada 0-20cm, de metais no solo. Nas quatro semeaduras, aos 120 dias da germinação do milho, avaliou-se a produtividade. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a aplicação em taxas de até 80 t ha-1, promoveu aumento proporcional de matéria seca das plantas. Os teores de metais no solo tiveram comportamento similar na planta e nos grãos aumentando com o acréscimo das doses aplicadas. A mobilidade de metais pesados demonstrou limitado movimento em profundidade, permanecendo na camada de incorporação. As quantidades Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb removidas do solo pela solução de DTPA-TEA, estiveram abaixo do limite de determinação... .
It is essential to any region develops a basic sanitation system and through it creates conditions to hygiene in order to reach a high quality of life of the population. During treatment, problems may appear and must be managed. The odoriferous and corrosive gas production is the meaningful challenge solved with an adequate use of the sewage sludge. This study evaluates the behavior of heavy metals when applying sewage sludge in agriculture and indeed estimates the quantity of methane gas. The experiment was developed in field in a dystrophic red latosol of middle texture (LVd), in the years of 2000/01 and 2001/02 in four plantings, utilizing sewage sludge without neutralization, produced in the ETE-1 Sludge treatment Station, of SANEPAR, a Company of water treatment sited in Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil, with annual applications in the following doses of 06, 20, 40, 60, 80 t ha-1 basis of dry matter as a fertilizer to maize compared to a witness (without addition of sludge). During the days of residue incorporating it was made a sample collection of the soil in 5, 20, 40 and 60 cm deepness. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of sewage sludge incorporation in the soil, five plants were collected to analysis. Each thirty days, it was made an evaluation of the total quantities of metal in soil. In four plantings, 120 days of maize germination, it was evaluated the productivity. The results permit to conclude that the application until 80 t.ha-1, promoted a proportional increase of the dry matter of plants. The metal quantity in soil presented similar behavior in the plant and in the grains, directly increasing together with the increase of the applied doses. The mobility of heavy metal presented deep and restricted movement, keeping it in the incorporating layer. The quantities of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb removed from the soil by DTPA-TEA solution were below the limit... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
It is essential to any region develops a basic sanitation system and through it creates conditions to hygiene in order to reach a high quality of life of the population. During treatment, problems may appear and must be managed. The odoriferous and corrosive gas production is the meaningful challenge solved with an adequate use of the sewage sludge. This study evaluates the behavior of heavy metals when applying sewage sludge in agriculture and indeed estimates the quantity of methane gas. The experiment was developed in field in a dystrophic red latosol of middle texture (LVd), in the years of 2000/01 and 2001/02 in four plantings, utilizing sewage sludge without neutralization, produced in the ETE-1 Sludge treatment Station, of SANEPAR, a Company of water treatment sited in Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil, with annual applications in the following doses of 06, 20, 40, 60, 80 t ha-1 basis of dry matter as a fertilizer to maize compared to a witness (without addition of sludge). During the days of residue incorporating it was made a sample collection of the soil in 5, 20, 40 and 60 cm deepness. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of sewage sludge incorporation in the soil, five plants were collected to analysis. Each thirty days, it was made an evaluation of the total quantities of metal in soil. In four plantings, 120 days of maize germination, it was evaluated the productivity. The results permit to conclude that the application until 80 t.ha-1, promoted a proportional increase of the dry matter of plants. The metal quantity in soil presented similar behavior in the plant and in the grains, directly increasing together with the increase of the applied doses. The mobility of heavy metal presented deep and restricted movement, keeping it in the incorporating layer. The quantities of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb removed from the soil by DTPA-TEA solution were below the limit... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Águas residuais - Purificação - Processo de lodo ativado, Solos - Teor de metal pesado, Milho - Efeito dos metais pesados, Poluição
Como citar
PIGOZZO, Ana Tereza Jordão. Disposição de lodo de esgoto: acúmulo de metais pesados no solo e em plantas de milho (Zea mays L.). 2003. xv, 200 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.