Avaliação do potencial de reuso agrícola do efluente de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto com alagados construídos
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Data
2011-11-11
Autores
Giafferis, Giselda Passos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os sistemas de alagados construídos (SACs) são projetados como passivos de depuração, constituídos por lagoas ou canais, compostos por plantas aquáticas livres ou fixas em substratos como areia, solo ou cascalho, onde ocorre a proliferação de biofilmes que agregam populações variadas de micro-organismos presentes nas águas residuárias. O uso combinado de tecnologias simples e de baixo custo como os reatores anaeróbios seguidos de alagados construídos como pós-tratamento, tem sido de interesse para o saneamento em pequenas comunidades. A pesquisa ocorreu em uma planta de tratamento de esgoto real do Departamento de Água e Esgoto de Bauru, localizada no Distrito de Tibiriçá, com vazão média de 4,8L/s, composta por processo de filtro anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente, seguido de sistemas de alagados construídos em paralelo. Como objetivo deste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a eficiência dos três sistemas de alagados construídos, com tipos de plantas diferentes e analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente os efluentes nas várias etapas do processo de tratamento, para verificar suas eficiências e a possibilidade de reúso do efluente final na agricultura. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que houve satisfatória remoção de matéria orgânica, com concentração média de 36 e 39 mg/L, nas fases 1 e 2 de operação,respectivamente, atendendo os valores exigidos pela legislação para padrões de emissão, mesmo recebendo concentrações afluentes elevadas, de efluentes não doméstico por batelada, o qual não foi previsto em projeto. Constatou-se que as concentrações de nutrientes, como nitrogênio e fosfato foram altas em todo o sistema e a eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal esteve muito abaixo do esperado, não atendendo a legislação que exige lançamentos...
The constructed wetland systems are designed as passive purification, consisting of ponds or channels, composed of aquatic plants free or fixed on substrates such as sand, soil or gravel, where the proliferation of biofilms is that aggregate diverse populations of micro- organisms present in wastewater. The combined use of simple and inexpensive as the anaerobic reactors followed by constructed wetlands as post-treatment has been of interest for sanitation in small communities. The research took place in a sewage treatment plant's actual Department of Water & Sewer Bauru, located in the District of Tibiriçá with average flow of 4.8 L/s made by a process of upflow anaerobic filter, followed by systems constructed wetlands in parallel. As objective of this study we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of three constructed wetland systems, with different types of plants and analyze quantitative and qualitative effluent at various stages of treatment to monitor their effectiveness and the possibility of reuse in the final effluent agriculture. Considering the results obtained, it was observed that there was satisfactory removal of organic matter, with a mean concentration of 36 and 39 mg/L, phases 1 and 2 operations, respectively, given the values required by law for emission standards, even with affluent high concentrations of non-domestic waste per batch, which was not foreseen in the project. It was found that concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate were high throughout the system and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was much lower than expected, does not meet the law requires that releases up to 20 mg/L. The results obtained for nitrogen and phosphate in effluent from constructed wetland systems, it is concluded that the system is also functioning as a secondary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The constructed wetland systems are designed as passive purification, consisting of ponds or channels, composed of aquatic plants free or fixed on substrates such as sand, soil or gravel, where the proliferation of biofilms is that aggregate diverse populations of micro- organisms present in wastewater. The combined use of simple and inexpensive as the anaerobic reactors followed by constructed wetlands as post-treatment has been of interest for sanitation in small communities. The research took place in a sewage treatment plant's actual Department of Water & Sewer Bauru, located in the District of Tibiriçá with average flow of 4.8 L/s made by a process of upflow anaerobic filter, followed by systems constructed wetlands in parallel. As objective of this study we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of three constructed wetland systems, with different types of plants and analyze quantitative and qualitative effluent at various stages of treatment to monitor their effectiveness and the possibility of reuse in the final effluent agriculture. Considering the results obtained, it was observed that there was satisfactory removal of organic matter, with a mean concentration of 36 and 39 mg/L, phases 1 and 2 operations, respectively, given the values required by law for emission standards, even with affluent high concentrations of non-domestic waste per batch, which was not foreseen in the project. It was found that concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate were high throughout the system and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was much lower than expected, does not meet the law requires that releases up to 20 mg/L. The results obtained for nitrogen and phosphate in effluent from constructed wetland systems, it is concluded that the system is also functioning as a secondary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agua - Reutilização, Águas residuais - Purificação, Efluente - Qualidade, Wastewater treatment, Wetlands
Como citar
GIAFFERIS, Giselda Passos. Avaliação do potencial de reuso agrícola do efluente de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto com alagados construídos. 2011. xvi, 102 f. Tese (doutorado) - Unviversidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2011.