Estabilidade de agregados de um latossolo vermelho degradado em recuperação com adubos verdes, calcário e gesso
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Data
2011-08-01
Autores
Bonini, Carolina dos Santos Batista
Alves, Marlene Cristina [UNESP]
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A utilização incorreta dos solos e as grandes construções no meio rural vêm causando alterações no ambiente edafoclimático, o que torna os solos menos produtivos, aumentando assim as áreas degradadas. Tendo em vista esse problema, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a recuperação de um Latossolo Vermelho que se encontra há 17 anos com o uso de adubos verdes, calcário, gesso e braquiária. Foi utilizada a qualidade da estrutura como indicadora da recuperação do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha (solo mobilizado) até 1999, sendo depois implantada Brachiaria decumbens; mucuna-preta (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) até 1999, substituída por B. decumbens; guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) até 1994, substituído por feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis (L.)) e, a partir de 1999, por B. decumbens; calcário+mucuna-preta até 1999, substituído por B. decumbens; calcário+guandu até 1994, substituído por feijão-de-porco e, a partir de 1999, por B. decumbens; calcário+gesso+mucuna-preta até 1999, substituído por B. decumbens; calcário+gesso+guandu até 1994, substituído por feijão-de-porco e, partir de 1999, por B. decumbens; e duas testemunhas: solo exposto (sem técnica de recuperação) e vegetação nativa de Cerrado. Foi avaliada a estabilidade de agregados em água e o conteúdo de matéria orgânica nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm. O solo vem sendo recuperado, e a qualidade da estrutura, comparada à condição natural de Cerrado, na camada de 0-10 cm foi mais alterada positivamente; os tratamentos que receberam calcário e gesso foram os melhores, e o teor de matéria orgânica nessa camada foi superior ao das demais. Abaixo da camada superficial do solo, os tratamentos estão agindo de forma semelhante. O solo exposto, em todas as camadas, apresentou-se com má qualidade da estrutura, avaliada pela estabilidade de agregados e pelo diâmetro médio ponderado.
Inadequate land use and large buildings in rural areas are causing damages to the soil-climate environment, reducing productivity and thus expanding degraded areas. In view of this problem, this study evaluated the recovery of an Oxisol that had been treated with green manure, soil amendment, gypsum and pasture in the last 17 years. The quality of the structure was used as an indicator of soil recovery. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control (mobilized soil) until 1999 and then planted with signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens); black velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum) (Piper & Tracy) until 1999, then replaced by B. decumbens; pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)) until 1994, then replaced by jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.)); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)) until 1994, then replaced by signal grass (B. decumbens); Lime + S. aterrimum until 1999 when replaced by B. decumbens; Lime + C. cajan until 1994, when replaced by C. ensiformis and after 1999 replaced by B. decumbens; Lime + Gypsum + S. aterrimum until 1999, when replaced by B. decumbens; Lime+Gypsum+C. cajan until 1994, when replaced by C. ensiformis and after 1999 replaced by B. decumbens, and two controls: bare soil (without recovery techniques) and native Cerrado vegetation (savannah). Water aggregate stability and soil organic matter were evaluated in the layers 0- 10; 10-20 and 20-40 cm. The soil is being recovered and the structure quality, compared to the native Cerrado, was most improved in the 0-10 cm layer; the results of the treatments with lime and gypsum were the best and soil organic matter in this layer was higher than in the others. Below the surface layer, the effect of the treatments was similar. The structure quality of the bare soil, measured by aggregate stability and mean weighted diameter, was poor in all layers.
Inadequate land use and large buildings in rural areas are causing damages to the soil-climate environment, reducing productivity and thus expanding degraded areas. In view of this problem, this study evaluated the recovery of an Oxisol that had been treated with green manure, soil amendment, gypsum and pasture in the last 17 years. The quality of the structure was used as an indicator of soil recovery. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control (mobilized soil) until 1999 and then planted with signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens); black velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum) (Piper & Tracy) until 1999, then replaced by B. decumbens; pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)) until 1994, then replaced by jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.)); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)) until 1994, then replaced by signal grass (B. decumbens); Lime + S. aterrimum until 1999 when replaced by B. decumbens; Lime + C. cajan until 1994, when replaced by C. ensiformis and after 1999 replaced by B. decumbens; Lime + Gypsum + S. aterrimum until 1999, when replaced by B. decumbens; Lime+Gypsum+C. cajan until 1994, when replaced by C. ensiformis and after 1999 replaced by B. decumbens, and two controls: bare soil (without recovery techniques) and native Cerrado vegetation (savannah). Water aggregate stability and soil organic matter were evaluated in the layers 0- 10; 10-20 and 20-40 cm. The soil is being recovered and the structure quality, compared to the native Cerrado, was most improved in the 0-10 cm layer; the results of the treatments with lime and gypsum were the best and soil organic matter in this layer was higher than in the others. Below the surface layer, the effect of the treatments was similar. The structure quality of the bare soil, measured by aggregate stability and mean weighted diameter, was poor in all layers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
degradação do solo, estrutura do solo, matéria orgânica, degraded soil, soil structure, organic matter
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 35, n. 4, p. 1263-1270, 2011.